SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Mossad</title>

</head>

Mossad

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the institute that facilitated Jewish immigration to British Palestine from 1938 to 1952, see <a href="Mossad_LeAliyah_Bet" title="Mossad LeAliyah Bet">Mossad LeAliyah Bet</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Mossad</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים‎ <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>الموساد للاستخبارات والمهام الخاصة‎</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">"For want of strategy an army falls, but victory comes with much planning." (<a href="Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a> 11:14)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">December 13, 1949 (1949-12-13) (as the Central Institute for Coordination)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">Classified (est. 7,000)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">Classified (est. US$2.73 billion)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="David_Barnea" title="David Barnea">David Barnea</a>, Director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Office of the Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mossad.gov.il">www.mossad.gov.il</a> </td></tr></tbody></table>

The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (<a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, <a href="Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: ha-Mosád le-Modiʿín u-le-Tafkidím Meyuḥadím), popularly known as Mossad<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><a href="British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: /ˈmɒsæd/ MOSS-ad, <a href="American_English" title="American English">US</a>: /moʊˈsɑːd/ moh-SAHD), is the national intelligence agency of the <a href="Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a>. It is one of the main entities in the <a href="Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Israeli Intelligence Community</a>, along with <a href="Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Aman</a> (military intelligence) and <a href="Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> (internal security).

Mossad is responsible for <a href="Intelligence_assessment" title="Intelligence assessment">intelligence collection</a>, <a href="Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">covert operations</a>, and <a href="Counterterrorism" title="Counterterrorism">counter-terrorism</a>. Its director answers directly and only to the <a href="Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">prime minister</a>. Its annual budget is estimated to be around <a href="New_Israeli_shekel" class="mw-redirect" title="New Israeli shekel">₪</a>10 billion (US$2.73 billion), and it is estimated that it employs around 7,000 people, making it one of the world's largest espionage agencies.<a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a> The organization is alleged to have been involved with many <a href="Assassination" title="Assassination">assassination</a> plots across a variety of locations.<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

Mossad was formed on December 13, 1949, as the Central Institute for Coordination at the recommendation of Prime Minister <a href="David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> to <a href="Reuven_Shiloah" title="Reuven Shiloah">Reuven Shiloah</a>. Ben Gurion wanted a central body to coordinate and improve cooperation between the existing security services—the army's intelligence department (<a href="Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">AMAN</a>), the Internal Security Service (<a href="Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a>), and the Political Intelligence Service (Mossad).<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[5]</a> The central body governing the three security services was Va'adat;<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[5]</a> today it is the Ministry of Intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a>

In March 1951, it was reorganized and incorporated into the prime minister's office, reporting directly to the <a href="Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">prime minister of Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[4]</a> Due to Mossad's accountability directly to the prime minister and not to the <a href="Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>, journalist <a href="Ronen_Bergman" title="Ronen Bergman">Ronen Bergman</a> has described Mossad as a "<a href="Deep_state" title="Deep state">deep state</a>".<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a>

In the 1990s, <a href="Aliza_Magen-Halevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliza Magen-Halevi">Aliza Magen-Halevi</a> became the highest-ranking woman in Mossad's history when she served as the agency's deputy director under <a href="Shabtai_Shavit" title="Shabtai Shavit">Shabtai Shavit</a> and <a href="Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ynet-9">[8]</a>

The Mossad made an unusual move on Israel's 68th Independence Day by releasing a secret recruitment ad for its Cyber Division. The ad featured seemingly random letters and numbers, which turned out to be a hidden puzzle. Over 25,000 people attempted to solve it, and while most failed, dozens succeeded and were recruited.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> In a rare 2012 interview with "<a href="Globes_(newspaper)" title="Globes (newspaper)">Lady Globes</a>," Mossad fighters talked about the recruitment of men and women to the Mossad, the screening tests, their work in the Mossad alongside starting a family, the relationship between the time to prepare for the actions and the actions themselves, working in teams, the emotional intelligence required of them, the nature of the activity, avoiding fame and omnipotence, and conversations with enemies.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions">Divisions</h3></div>

The organizational structure of the Mossad is officially classified. Mossad is organized into divisions, led by a director who is equivalent to a major general in the <a href="Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gender-12">[11]</a>

<ul><li>Tzomet: Mossad's largest division, staffed with <a href="Agent_handling" title="Agent handling">case officers</a> called katsas tasked with conducting espionage overseas and running agents.<a href="#cite_note-license-13">[12]</a> Employees in Tzomet operate under a variety of <a href="Cover_(intelligence_gathering)" title="Cover (intelligence gathering)">covers</a>, including diplomatic and unofficial. The division was led from 2006 to 2011 by Yossi Cohen<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> and from 2013 to 2019 by David Barnea, both of whom later served as Mossad directors.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></li>

<li>Caesarea: conducts special operations and houses the Kidon (Hebrew: כידון, "bayonet", "javelin" or a "spear") unit, an elite group of assassins.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></li>

<li>Keshet ("Rainbow"): electronic surveillance, break-ins, and wiretapping<a href="#cite_note-Gender-12">[11]</a></li>

<li>Human Resources<a href="#cite_note-Gender-12">[11]</a></li>

<li>A special unit called Metsada allegedly runs "small units of combatants" whose missions include "assassinations and sabotage".<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venture_capital">Venture capital</h3></div>

Mossad opened a <a href="Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital fund</a> in June 2017,<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> to invest in <a href="Hi-tech" class="mw-redirect" title="Hi-tech">high-tech</a> <a href="Startups" class="mw-redirect" title="Startups">startups</a> to develop new cyber technologies.<a href="#cite_note-jpost.com-19">[18]</a> The names of technology startups funded by Mossad are not published.<a href="#cite_note-jpost.com-19">[18]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Katsa">Katsa</h4></div>

A katsa is a field <a href="Intelligence_(information_gathering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence (information gathering)">intelligence</a> officer of the Mossad.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> The word katsa is a Hebrew acronym for <a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: קצין איסוף, <a href="Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: ktsin issuf, "intelligence officer", literally "gathering officer". A katsa is a <a href="Case_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Case officer">case officer</a> who runs agents to clandestinely collect intelligence.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kidon">Kidon</h4></div>

The kidon are Mossad's elite assassins. Recruits receive two years of training at Mossad's training facility near <a href="Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-license-13">[12]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sayanim">Sayanim</h4></div>

Sayanim (<a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: סייענים, lit. helpers, assistants)<a href="#cite_note-lat01-21">[20]</a> are unpaid Jewish civilians who help Mossad out of a sense of devotion to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-tg09-22">[21]</a> They are recruited by Mossad's field agents, katsas, to provide logistical support for Mossad operations.<a href="#cite_note-license-13">[12]</a> A sayan running a rental agency, for instance, could help Mossad agents rent a car without the usual documentation.<a href="#cite_note-thomas2-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-kahana-24">[23]</a> The usage of sayanim allows the Mossad to operate with a slim budget yet conduct vast operations worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-nzher04-25">[24]</a> Sayanim can have dual citizenships but are often not Israeli citizens.<a href="#cite_note-richelson-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-huff17-27">[26]</a>

According to Gordon Thomas, there were 4,000 sayanim in Britain and some 16,000 in the United States in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-thomas2-23">[22]</a>

Israeli students called bodlim are often used as gofers for Mossad.<a href="#cite_note-bodlim-28">[27]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motto">Motto</h2></div>

Mossad's former motto, be-tachbūlōt ta`aseh lekhā milchāmāh (<a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: בתחבולות תעשה לך מלחמה) is a quote from the Bible (Proverbs 24:6): "For by stratagems you wage war" (<a href="New_Jewish_Publication_Society_of_America_Tanakh" title="New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh">NJPS</a>).

The motto was later changed to another Proverbs passage: be-'éyn tachbūlōt yippol `ām; ū-teshū`āh be-rov yō'éts (<a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: באין תחבולות יפול עם, ותשועה ברוב יועץ, Proverbs 11:14), translated as "For want of strategy an army falls, But victory comes with much planning" (<a href="New_Jewish_Publication_Society_of_America_Tanakh" title="New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh">NJPS</a>).

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2></div>

About half of the Mossad's leaders rose through its ranks, while the rest are retired <a href="Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> soldiers appointed to head the agency. The Prime Minister personally appoints the head of the Mossad for Intelligence and Special Duties without needing government or other supervisory body approval (unlike the Chief of Staff or the <a href="Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a>'s head). The appointment undergoes review by the advisory committee for appointing senior civil service officials. The term is five years, extendable by the Prime Minister for another year without conditions.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a>

Until 1996, the head of Mossad's name was kept confidential. Mossad argued that secrecy allowed the head to move freely worldwide. In response to public criticism, the government began revealing the head's name when <a href="Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a> assumed office.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a>

<th>#

</th>

<th>Image

</th>

<th>Director

</th>

<th>Term

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>1

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Reuven_Shiloah" title="Reuven Shiloah">Reuven Shiloah</a>

</td>

<td>1949–1953

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Isser_Harel" title="Isser Harel">Isser Harel</a>

</td>

<td>1953–1963

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>3

</td>

<td>

</td>

</td>

<td>1963–1968

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>4

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Zvi_Zamir" title="Zvi Zamir">Zvi Zamir</a>

</td>

<td>1968–1973

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>5

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Yitzhak_Hofi" title="Yitzhak Hofi">Yitzhak Hofi</a>

</td>

<td>1973–1982

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>6

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Nahum_Admoni" title="Nahum Admoni">Nahum Admoni</a>

</td>

<td>1982–1989

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>7

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Shabtai_Shavit" title="Shabtai Shavit">Shabtai Shavit</a>

</td>

<td>1989–1996

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>8

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a>

</td>

<td>1996–1998

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>9

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Efraim_Halevy" title="Efraim Halevy">Efraim Halevy</a>

</td>

<td>1998–2002

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>10

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a>

</td>

<td>2002–2011

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>11

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Tamir_Pardo" title="Tamir Pardo">Tamir Pardo</a>

</td>

<td>2011–2016

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>12

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Yossi_Cohen" title="Yossi Cohen">Yossi Cohen</a>

</td>

<td>2016–2021

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>13

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="David_Barnea" title="David Barnea">David Barnea</a>

</td>

<td>2021–present

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alleged_operations">Alleged operations</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation_Harpoon">Operation Harpoon</h3></div>

Together with <a href="Shurat_HaDin" title="Shurat HaDin">Shurat HaDin</a>, Mossad started Operation Harpoon, for "destroying terrorists' money networks".<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egypt">Egypt</h4></div>

<ul><li>Provision of intelligence for the cutting of communications between Port Said and Cairo in 1956.</li>

<li>Mossad spy <a href="Wolfgang_Lotz" title="Wolfgang Lotz">Wolfgang Lotz</a>, holding West German citizenship, infiltrated Egypt in 1957, and gathered intelligence on Egyptian missile sites, military installations, and industries. He also composed a list of German rocket scientists working for the Egyptian government, and sent some of them letter bombs. After the East German head of state made a state visit to Egypt, the Egyptian government detained thirty West German citizens as a goodwill gesture. Lotz, assuming that he had been discovered, confessed to his <a href="Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> espionage activities.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a></li>

<li>After a tense confrontation with <a href="CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> Tel Aviv station chief John Hadden on May 25, 1967, who warned that the United States would help defend Egypt if Israel launched a surprise attack, Mossad director <a href="Meir_Amit" title="Meir Amit">Meir Amit</a> flew to Washington, D.C. to meet with U.S. Defense Secretary <a href="Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> and reported back to the Israeli cabinet that the United States had given Israel "a flickering green light" to attack.<a href="#cite_note-israel_attack_iran_nyt-34">[33]</a></li>

<li>Provision of intelligence on the <a href="Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egyptian Air Force</a> for <a href="Operation_Focus" title="Operation Focus">Operation Focus</a>, the opening air strike of the <a href="Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Operation_Bulmus_6" title="Operation Bulmus 6">Operation Bulmus 6</a> – Intelligence assistance in the Commando Assault on <a href="Green_Island%2C_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Island, Egypt">Green Island, Egypt</a> during the <a href="War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Operation_Damocles" title="Operation Damocles">Operation Damocles</a> – A campaign of assassination and intimidation against <a href="Germans" title="Germans">German</a> rocket scientists employed by <a href="Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> in building missiles.

<ul><li>A letter bomb sent to the Heliopolis rocket factory killed five Egyptian workers, allegedly sent by <a href="Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a> on behalf of the Mossad.<a href="#cite_note-The_Forward_and_Dan_Raviv_And_Yossi_Melman-35">[34]</a></li>

<li>Heinz Krug, 49, the chief of a Munich company supplying military hardware to Egypt disappeared in September 1962 and is believed to have been assassinated by <a href="Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a> on behalf of the Mossad.<a href="#cite_note-The_Forward_and_Dan_Raviv_And_Yossi_Melman-35">[34]</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Morocco">Morocco</h4></div>

In September 1956, Mossad established a secretive network in <a href="Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> to smuggle <a href="Moroccan_Jews" title="Moroccan Jews">Moroccan Jews</a> to Israel after a ban on immigration to Israel was imposed.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a>

In early 1991, two Mossad operatives infiltrated the Moroccan port of <a href="Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a> and planted a tracking device on the freighter Al-Yarmouk, which was carrying a cargo of <a href="North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korean</a> missiles bound for <a href="Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. The ship was to be sunk by the <a href="Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a>, but the mission was later called off by Prime Minister <a href="Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ross-37">[36]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h4></div>

The 1988 killing of <a href="Khalil_al-Wazir" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Khalil al-Wazir</a> (Abu Jihad), a founder of <a href="Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Intifada-38">[37]</a>

The alleged killing of <a href="Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a>, head of intelligence of the <a href="PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">PLO</a> and second in command of Fatah behind <a href="Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-Abu_Iyad-39">[38]</a>

The 2016 alleged killing of <a href="Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> operative <a href="Mohamed_Zouari" title="Mohamed Zouari">Mohamed Zouari</a> in <a href="Sfax" title="Sfax">Sfax</a>. Known to Israel's security echelon as "The Engineer", he was a Hamas-affiliated engineer who was believed to be constructing drones for the group. He was shot at close range.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uganda">Uganda</h4></div>

For <a href="Operation_Entebbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Operation Entebbe</a> in 1976, Mossad provided intelligence regarding <a href="Entebbe_International_Airport" title="Entebbe International Airport">Entebbe International Airport</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> and extensively interviewed hostages who had been released.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4></div>

In the late 1990s, after Mossad was tipped off to the presence of two <a href="Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> agents in <a href="Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> on a mission to procure advanced weapons systems from <a href="Denel" title="Denel">Denel</a>, a Mossad agent was deployed, and met up with a local Jewish contact. Posing as South African intelligence, they abducted the Iranians, drove them to a warehouse, and beat and intimidated them before forcing them to leave the country.<a href="#cite_note-Ross-37">[36]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sudan">Sudan</h4></div>

After the <a href="1994_AMIA_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 AMIA bombing">1994 AMIA bombing</a>, the largest bombing in Argentine history, Mossad began gathering intelligence for a raid by Israeli Special Forces on the Iranian embassy in <a href="Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> as retaliation. The operation was called off due to fears that another attack against worldwide Jewish communities might take place as revenge. Mossad also assisted in <a href="Operation_Moses" title="Operation Moses">Operation Moses</a>, the evacuation of <a href="Ethiopian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Jews">Ethiopian Jews</a> to Israel from a famine-ridden region of Sudan in 1984, also maintaining a relationship with the Ethiopian government.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argentina">Argentina</h4></div>

In 1960, Mossad discovered that the <a href="Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> leader <a href="Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a> was in <a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. A team of five Mossad agents led by Shimon Ben Aharon slipped into Argentina and, through <a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a>, confirmed that he had been living there under the name of Ricardo Klement. He was abducted on May 11, 1960 and taken to a hideout. He was subsequently smuggled to Israel, where he was <a href="Tried" class="mw-redirect" title="Tried">tried</a> and executed. Argentina protested what it considered as a violation of its sovereignty, and the <a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Council">Security Council</a> noted that "repetition of acts such as [this] would involve a breach of the principles upon which international order is founded, creating an atmosphere of insecurity and distrust incompatible with the preservation of peace" while also acknowledging that "Eichmann should be brought to appropriate justice for the crimes of which he is accused" and that "this resolution should in no way be interpreted as condoning the odious crimes of which Eichmann is accused."<a href="#cite_note-47">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> Mossad abandoned a second operation, intended to capture <a href="Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4></div>

Shortly after <a href="Rafael_Eitan" title="Rafael Eitan">Rafael Eitan</a> visited <a href="Inslaw" title="Inslaw">Inslaw</a> in February 1983, the software PROMIS was allegedly stolen and copied by the <a href="United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>, which triggered years of litigation.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> Earl W. Brian and <a href="Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Edwin Meese</a>, two men with close ties to <a href="Reagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan">Reagan</a>, are said to have sold or given the software to over 80 countries, with a “back door” built into the program, which allowed for espionage.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Two versions of the software are said to have been sold: an American one for the CIA and an Israeli one for the Mossad. The software with the built-in back door is said to have reached the <a href="KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> via the British publisher <a href="Robert_Maxwell" title="Robert Maxwell">Robert Maxwell</a>, a Mossad agent. Maxwell was also able to sell the bugged Israeli version of PROMIS to <a href="Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia National Laboratories</a> and <a href="Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a>, two of the most important nuclear research and national security facilities in the United States. He is said to have been assisted by <a href="John_Tower" title="John Tower">John Tower</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a>

After the 1987 arrest of Israeli spy <a href="Jonathan_Pollard" title="Jonathan Pollard">Jonathan Pollard</a>, wiretaps pointed to a high-level Israeli spy in the U.S. known as “Mega.” Mega may have been a group of people (possibly the <a href="Study_Group_(Jewish_group)" title="Study Group (Jewish group)">Mega/Study Group</a>, alleged to be connected to Israeli intelligence).<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a>

During the 1990s, Mossad discovered that a <a href="Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> agent was operating inside the United States to procure materials needed to manufacture <a href="Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">IEDs</a> and other weapons. In a joint operation with U.S. intelligence, the Hezbollah agent was kept under surveillance in hopes that his communications would expose additional Hezbollah operatives. The agent was eventually arrested.<a href="#cite_note-Ross-37">[36]</a>

According to journalist <a href="Daniel_Halper" title="Daniel Halper">Daniel Halper</a>, Israel blackmailed US President <a href="Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in 1998 with the release of incriminating conversations with <a href="Monica_Lewinsky" title="Monica Lewinsky">Monica Lewinsky</a> in order to secure the release of Israeli spy Jonathan Pollard. Israel is said to have obtained the Lewinsky recordings by monitoring White House phone lines.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a>

Mossad informed the <a href="Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> and CIA in August 2001 that, based on its intelligence, as many as 200 terrorists were slipping into the United States and planning "a major assault on the United States". The Israeli intelligence agency cautioned the FBI that it had picked up indications of a "large-scale target" in the United States and that Americans would be "very vulnerable".<a href="#cite_note-latimes2001-58">[56]</a> However, "It is not known whether U.S. authorities thought the warning to be credible, or whether it contained enough details to allow counter-terrorism teams to come up with a response." A month later, terrorists struck at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon <a href="September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">in the largest terrorist attack in history</a>.<a href="#cite_note-latimes2001-58">[56]</a>

In May 2014, a NSA document obtained by <a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a> and published by journalist <a href="Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald</a> revealed that the CIA was concerned that Israel had established an extensive espionage network in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a>

The US journalists <a href="Dylan_Howard" title="Dylan Howard">Dylan Howard</a>, Melissa Cronin and James Robertson linked the Mossad to American sex offender <a href="Jeffrey_Epstein" title="Jeffrey Epstein">Jeffrey Epstein</a> in their book Epstein: Dead Men Tell No Tales. They relied for the most part on the former Israeli intelligence officer <a href="Ari_Ben-Menashe" title="Ari Ben-Menashe">Ari Ben-Menashe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> According to him, Epstein's activities as a spy served to gather compromising material on powerful people in order to <a href="Blackmail" title="Blackmail">blackmail</a> them.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> There is also a possible connection to the Mossad via <a href="Ghislaine_Maxwell" title="Ghislaine Maxwell">Ghislaine Maxwell</a>, whose father Robert Maxwell is said to have had contacts with the Mossad.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> Epstein's victim <a href="Virginia_Giuffre" title="Virginia Giuffre">Virginia Giuffre</a> also alleged Epstein to be an intelligence asset, linking on <a href="Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> to a <a href="Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> page, that alleged Epstein being a spy, running a blackmail operation.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h4></div>

In 1965, the Mossad assassinated <a href="Latvian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian people">Latvian</a> <a href="Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> collaborator <a href="Herberts_Cukurs" title="Herberts Cukurs">Herberts Cukurs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wiesenthal-64">[62]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_Asia_and_the_Middle_East">Central Asia and the Middle East</h4></div>

A report published on the Israeli military's official website in February 2014 said that Middle Eastern countries that cooperate with Israel (Mossad) are the <a href="United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, the <a href="Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> and <a href="Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. The report claimed that Bahrain has been providing Israel with intelligence on <a href="Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> and Palestinian organizations. The report also highlights the growing secret cooperation with Saudi Arabia, claiming that Mossad has been in direct contact with Saudi intelligence about Iran's nuclear energy program.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a>

Prior to the <a href="Iranian_Revolution" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> of 1978–79, <a href="SAVAK" title="SAVAK">SAVAK</a> (Organization of National Security and Information), the Iranian <a href="Secret_police" title="Secret police">secret police</a> and intelligence service was created under the guidance of United States and Israeli intelligence officers in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> After security relations between the United States and Iran grew more distant in the early 1960s which led the <a href="CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> training team to leave <a href="Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, Mossad became increasingly active in Iran, "training SAVAK personnel and carrying out a broad variety of joint operations with SAVAK."<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a>

A US intelligence official told <a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> that Israel orchestrated the defection of Iranian general <a href="Ali_Reza_Askari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Reza Askari">Ali Reza Askari</a> on February 7, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> This has been denied by Israeli spokesman <a href="Mark_Regev" title="Mark Regev">Mark Regev</a>. <a href="The_Sunday_Times_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday Times (UK)">The Sunday Times</a> reported that Askari had been a Mossad asset since 2003, and left only when his cover was about to be blown.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a>

<a href="Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> claimed that Mossad was possibly behind a blast at the Iranian Revolutionary Guard's Imam Ali military base, on October 12, 2011. The explosion at the base killed 18 and injured 10 others. Among the dead was also general <a href="Hassan_Tehrani_Moghaddam" title="Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam">Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam</a>, who served as the commander of the Revolutionary Guards' missile program and was a crucial figure in building Iran's long-range missile program.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> The base is believed to store long-range missiles, including the <a href="Shahab-3" title="Shahab-3">Shahab-3</a>, and also has hangars. It is one of Iran's most secure military bases.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a>

Mossad has been accused of assassinating <a href="Masoud_Alimohammadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoud Alimohammadi">Masoud Alimohammadi</a>, <a href="Ardeshir_Hosseinpour" title="Ardeshir Hosseinpour">Ardeshir Hosseinpour</a>, <a href="Majid_Shahriari" title="Majid Shahriari">Majid Shahriari</a>, <a href="Darioush_Rezaeinejad" class="mw-redirect" title="Darioush Rezaeinejad">Darioush Rezaeinejad</a> and <a href="Mostafa_Ahmadi-Roshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa Ahmadi-Roshan">Mostafa Ahmadi-Roshan</a>; scientists involved in the <a href="Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Iranian nuclear program</a>. It is also suspected of being behind the attempted assassination of Iranian nuclear scientist <a href="Fereydoon_Abbasi" title="Fereydoon Abbasi">Fereydoon Abbasi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> <a href="Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a>, who served as Director of Mossad from 2002 until 2009, while not taking credit for the assassinations, praised them in an interview with a journalist, saying "the removal of important brains" from the Iranian nuclear project had achieved so-called "white <a href="Defection" title="Defection">defections</a>", frightening other Iranian nuclear scientists into requesting that they be transferred to civilian projects.<a href="#cite_note-israel_attack_iran_nyt-34">[33]</a>

In 2018, <a href="Mossad_infiltration_of_Iranian_nuclear_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive">Mossad agents infiltrated Iran's secret nuclear archive</a> in <a href="Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and smuggled over 100,000 documents and computer files to Israel. The documents and files showed that the Iranian <a href="AMAD_Project" title="AMAD Project">AMAD Project</a> aimed to develop <a href="Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Israel shared the information with its allies, including European countries and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a>

In 2024, former Iranian President <a href="Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> revealed that Iran's intelligence service had established a unit to counter Mossad operations, only for its leader to have been exposed as a Mossad agent in 2021. He also claimed that around 20 Iranian operatives had been acting as <a href="Double_agent" title="Double agent">double agents</a>, supplying intelligence to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a>

Assistance in the defection and rescuing of the family of <a href="Munir_Redfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Munir Redfa">Munir Redfa</a>, an <a href="Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> pilot who defected and flew his <a href="Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">MiG-21</a> to Israel in 1966: "<a href="Operation_Diamond" title="Operation Diamond">Operation Diamond</a>". Redfa's entire family was also successfully smuggled from Iraq to Israel. Previously unknown information about the MiG-21 was subsequently shared with the United States.

Operation Sphinx<a href="#cite_note-By_Way_of_Deception-79">[77]</a> – Between 1978 and 1981, obtained highly sensitive information about Iraq's <a href="Osirak" class="mw-redirect" title="Osirak">Osirak</a> <a href="Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a> by recruiting an Iraqi nuclear scientist in France.

<a href="Operation_Bramble_Bush" title="Operation Bramble Bush">Operation Bramble Bush II</a> – In the 1990s, Mossad began scouting locations in Iraq where <a href="Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> could be ambushed by <a href="Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a> commandos inserted into Iraq from <a href="Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>. The mission was called off due to <a href="Operation_Desert_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Fox">Operation Desert Fox</a> and the ongoing Israeli-Arab peace process.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jordan">Jordan</h4></div>

In what is thought to have been a reprisal action for a Hamas suicide-bombing in Jerusalem on July 30, 1997 that killed 16 Israelis, Benjamin Netanyahu authorised an operation against <a href="Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a>, the Hamas representative in Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> On September 25, 1997, Mashal was injected in the ear with a toxin (thought to have been a derivative of the synthetic opiate <a href="Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a> called Levofentanyl).<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> Jordanian authorities apprehended two Mossad agents posing as Canadian tourists and trapped a further six in the Israeli embassy. In exchange for their release, an Israeli physician had to fly to Amman and deliver an antidote for Mashal. The fallout from the failed killing eventually led to the release of <a href="Sheik_Ahmed_Yassin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheik Ahmed Yassin">Sheik Ahmed Yassin</a>, the founder and spiritual leader of the Hamas movement, and scores of Hamas prisoners. Netanyahu flew into Amman on September 29 to apologize personally to King Hussein, but he was instead met by the King's brother, Crown Prince Hassan.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-81">[79]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h4></div>

The sending of <a href="Letter_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter bombs">letter bombs</a> to PFLP member <a href="Bassam_Abu_Sharif" title="Bassam Abu Sharif">Bassam Abu Sharif</a> in 1972. Sharif was severely wounded, but survived.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a>

The killing of the Palestinian writer and leading <a href="Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a> member <a href="Ghassan_Kanafani" title="Ghassan Kanafani">Ghassan Kanafani</a> by a car bomb in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-Harlow-84">[82]</a>

The provision of intelligence and operational assistance in the 1973 <a href="1973_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="1973 Israeli raid on Lebanon">Operation Spring of Youth</a> special forces raid on <a href="Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>.

The <a href="Targeted_killing" title="Targeted killing">targeted killing</a> of <a href="Ali_Hassan_Salameh" title="Ali Hassan Salameh">Ali Hassan Salameh</a>, the leader of <a href="Black_September_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black September (group)">Black September</a>, on January 22, 1979 in Beirut by a car bomb.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a>

Providing intelligence for the killing of <a href="Abbas_al-Musawi" title="Abbas al-Musawi">Abbas al-Musawi</a>, secretary general of Hezbollah, in southern Lebanon in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-JVLibrary-87">[85]</a>

Allegedly killed <a href="Jihad_Ahmed_Jibril" title="Jihad Ahmed Jibril">Jihad Ahmed Jibril</a>, the leader of the military wing of the PFLP-GC, in Beirut in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a>

Allegedly killed Ali Hussein Saleh, member of Hezbollah, in Beirut in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a>

Allegedly killed <a href="Ghaleb_Awwali" title="Ghaleb Awwali">Ghaleb Awwali</a>, a senior Hezbollah official, in Beirut in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a>

Allegedly killed <a href="Mahmoud_al-Majzoub" title="Mahmoud al-Majzoub">Mahmoud al-Majzoub</a>, a leader of <a href="Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a>, in Sidon in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a>

Mossad was suspected of establishing a large spy network in Lebanon, recruited from <a href="Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>, <a href="Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>, and <a href="Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslim</a> communities, and officials in the Lebanese government, to spy on <a href="Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> and its Iranian <a href="Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Revolutionary Guard</a> advisors. Some have allegedly been active since the <a href="1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a>. In 2009, Lebanese Security Services supported by Hezbollah's intelligence unit, and working in collaboration with <a href="Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, and possibly Russia, launched a major crackdown which resulted in the arrests of around 100 alleged spies "working for Israel".<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palestine">Palestine</h4></div>

Caesarea tried for many years to assassinate <a href="Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> leader <a href="Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, a job later tasked by Israel's <a href="Minister_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defense">Minister of Defense</a> <a href="Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> to a military <a href="Special_ops" class="mw-redirect" title="Special ops">special ops</a> task force code named "Salt Fish", later renamed "Operation Goldfish", specially created for the job of assassinating Arafat,<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> with Ronan Bergman suggesting that Israel used <a href="Radiation_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation poisoning">radiation poisoning</a> to kill Yasser Arafat.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Syria">Syria</h4></div>

<a href="Eli_Cohen" title="Eli Cohen">Eli Cohen</a> infiltrated the highest echelons of the Syrian government, was a close friend of the Syrian President, and was considered for the post of Minister of Defense. He gave his handlers a complete plan of the Syrian defenses on the <a href="Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>, the Syrian Armed Forces order of battle, and a complete list of the Syrian military's weapons inventory. He also ordered the planting of trees by every Syrian fortified position under the pretext of shading soldiers, but the trees actually served as targeting markers for the Israel Defense Forces. He was discovered by Syrian and Soviet intelligence, tried in secret, and executed publicly in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> His information played a crucial role during the <a href="Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>.

On April 1, 1978, 12 Syrian military and secret service personnel were killed by a booby trapped sophisticated Israeli listening device planted on the main telephone cable between Damascus and Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-The_Spies_Inside_Damascus-96">[94]</a>

The alleged death of General Anatoly Kuntsevich, who from the late 1990s was suspected of aiding the Syrians in the manufacture of VX nerve-gas, in exchange for which he was paid huge amounts of money by the Syrian government. On April 3, 2002, Kuntsevich died mysteriously during a plane journey, amid allegations that Mossad was responsible.<a href="#cite_note-The_Spies_Inside_Damascus-96">[94]</a>

The alleged killing of <a href="Izz_El-Deen_Sheikh_Khalil" title="Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil">Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil</a>, a senior member of the military wing of <a href="Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, in an automobile booby trap in September 2004 in <a href="Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a>

The uncovering of a nuclear reactor being built in Syria as a result of surveillance by Mossad of Syrian officials working under the command of <a href="Muhammad_Suleiman" title="Muhammad Suleiman">Muhammad Suleiman</a>. As a result, the Syrian nuclear reactor was destroyed by Israeli Air Forces in September 2007 (see <a href="Operation_Orchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Orchard">Operation Orchard</a>).<a href="#cite_note-The_Spies_Inside_Damascus-96">[94]</a>

The alleged killing of Muhammad Suleiman, head of Syria's nuclear program, in 2008. Suleiman was on a beach in <a href="Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a> and was killed by a sniper firing from a boat.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a>

On July 25, 2007, the al-Safir chemical weapons depot exploded, killing 15 Syrian personnel as well as 10 Iranian engineers. Syrian investigations blamed Israeli sabotage.<a href="#cite_note-The_Spies_Inside_Damascus-96">[94]</a>

The alleged killing of <a href="Imad_Mughniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Imad Mughniyah">Imad Mughniyah</a>, a senior leader of Hezbollah complicit in the <a href="1983_United_States_embassy_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 United States embassy bombing">1983 United States embassy bombing</a>, with an exploding <a href="Head_restraint" title="Head restraint">headrest</a> in Damascus in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-SundayTimes-99">[97]</a>

The decomposed body of <a href="Yuri_Ivanov_(military)" title="Yuri Ivanov (military)">Yuri Ivanov</a>, the deputy head of the <a href="GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a>, Russia's foreign military intelligence service, was found on a Turkish beach in early August 2010,<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-100">[98]</a> amid allegations that Mossad may have played a role. He had disappeared while staying near Latakia, Syria.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a>

Mossad was accused of being behind the assassination of Aziz Asbar, a senior Syrian scientist responsible for developing long-range rockets and chemical weapons programs. He was killed in a car bomb in <a href="Masyaf" title="Masyaf">Masyaf</a> on August 5, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h4></div>

Mossad is suspected of killing <a href="Mahmoud_al-Mabhouh" title="Mahmoud al-Mabhouh">Mahmoud al-Mabhouh</a>, a senior Hamas military commander, in January 2010 at <a href="Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. The team which carried out the killing is estimated, on the basis of <a href="Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">CCTV</a> and other evidence, to have consisted of at least 26 agents traveling on bogus passports. The operatives entered al-Mabhouh's hotel room, where Mabhouh was subjected to electric shocks and interrogated. The door to his room was reported to have been locked from the inside.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz20100202-106">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Although the UAE police and Hamas have declared Israel responsible for the killing, no direct evidence linking Mossad to the crime has been found. The agents' bogus passports included six British passports, cloned from those of real British nationals resident in Israel and suspected by Dubai, five Irish passports, apparently forged from those of living individuals,<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> forged Australian passports that raised fears of reprisal against innocent victims of identity theft,<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> a genuine German passport and a false French passport. Emirati police say they have fingerprint and DNA evidence of some of the attackers, as well as retinal scans of 11 suspects recorded at Dubai airport.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Dubai's police chief has said "I am now completely sure that it was Mossad," adding: "I have presented the (Dubai) prosecutor with a request for the arrest of (Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin) Netanyahu and the head of Mossad," for the murder.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Asia_and_East/Southeast_Asia">South Asia and East/Southeast Asia</h4></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="India">India</h5></div>

A <a href="Rediff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rediff">Rediff</a> story in 2003 revealed that Mossad had clandestine links with the <a href="Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing</a> (R&AW), India's external intelligence agency. When R&AW was founded in September 1968 by <a href="Rameshwar_Nath_Kao" class="mw-redirect" title="Rameshwar Nath Kao">Rameshwar Nath Kao</a>, he was advised by then Prime Minister <a href="Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> to cultivate links with Mossad. This was suggested as a countermeasure to military links between that of Pakistan and China, as well as with <a href="North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>. Israel was also concerned that Pakistani army officers were training Libyans and Iranians in handling Chinese and North Korean military equipment.<a href="#cite_note-RAW-MOSSAD-113">[111]</a>

Pakistan believed intelligence relations between India and Israel threatened Pakistani security. When young Israeli tourists began visiting the Kashmir valley in the early 1990s, Pakistan suspected they were disguised Israeli army officers there to help Indian security forces with anti-terrorism operations. Israeli tourists were attacked, with one slain and another kidnapped. Pressure from the <a href="Kashmiri_Muslims" title="Kashmiri Muslims">Kashmiri Muslim</a> diaspora in the United States led to his release. Kashmiri Muslims feared that the attacks could isolate the American Jewish community, and result in them lobbying the US government against Kashmiri separatist groups.<a href="#cite_note-RAW-MOSSAD-113">[111]</a>

India Today reported that the two flats were RAW safe houses used as operational fronts for Mossad agents and housed Mossad's station chief between 1989 and 1992. RAW had reportedly decided to have closer ties to Mossad, and the subsequent secret operation was approved by then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. India Today cites "RAW insiders" as saying that RAW agents hid a Mossad agent holding an Argentine passport and exchanged intelligence and expertise in operations, including negotiations for the release of an Israeli tourist by the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front militants in June 1991. When asked about the case Verma refused to speak about the companies, but claimed his relationship with them was purely professional. Raman stated, "Sometimes, spy agencies float companies for operational reasons. All I can say is that everything was done with government approval. Files were cleared by the then prime minister <a href="Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> and his cabinet secretary. Balachandran stated, "It is true that we did a large number of operations but at every stage, we kept the Cabinet Secretariat and the prime minister in the loop."<a href="#cite_note-indiatoday.intoday.in-114">[112]</a>

In November 2015, The Times of India reported that agents from Mossad and MI5 were protecting Prime Minister <a href="Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> during his visit to Turkey. Modi was on a state visit to the United Kingdom and was scheduled to attend the 2015 G-20 Summit in Antalya, Turkey. The paper reported that the agents had been called in to provide additional cover to Modi's security detail, composed of India's Special Protection Group and secret agents from RAW and IB, in wake of the <a href="November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h5></div>

In 2018, Hamas and the family of Malaysian-based Hamas engineer and university lecturer <a href="Fadi_Mohammad_al-Batsh" title="Fadi Mohammad al-Batsh">Fadi Mohammad al-Batsh</a> have accused the Mossad of assassinating him. In April 2018, al-Batsh was shot dead by two men on a motorbike in <a href="Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister <a href="Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a> described the suspects as Europeans with links to an unidentified foreign intelligence agency. In response, <a href="Minister_of_Defense_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defense (Israel)">Israeli Defense Minister</a> <a href="Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Avigdor Lieberman</a> denied that Mossad was involved in al-Batsh's assassination and suggested that his death was the result of an internal Palestinian dispute.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> Hamas also issued a statement describing Batsh as a "martyr" and "distinguished scientist who has widely contributed to the energy sector."<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a>

In October 2022, the <a href="New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a> and <a href="Al_Jazeera_Arabic" title="Al Jazeera Arabic">Al Jazeera Arabic</a> reported that several Malaysian Mossad operatives had attempted to kidnap two Palestinian computer experts in Kuala Lumpur in late September 2022. Though they managed to kidnap one of the men, the second escaped and alerted <a href="Royal_Malaysia_Police" title="Royal Malaysia Police">Malaysian police</a>. The operatives allegedly assisted Mossad officials via video call in interrogating and beating their captive, who was questioned about the computer programming and software capabilities of Hamas and its <a href="Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades</a>. With the aid of the second Palestinian man, Malaysian police were able to track down the car registration plates to a house where the alleged kidnappers were arrested and the man was freed. According to Al Jazeera Arabic, a "well-informed Malaysian source" claimed that an investigation had uncovered an undercover 11-member Mossad cell in Malaysia that was involved in spying on important sites including airports, government electronic companies, and tracking down Palestinian activists. This Mossad cell allegedly consisted of Malaysian nationals who received training in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="North_Korea">North Korea</h5></div>

Mossad may have been involved in the <a href="Ryongchon_disaster" title="Ryongchon disaster">2004 explosion of Ryongchon</a>, where several Syrian nuclear scientists working on the Syrian and Iranian nuclear-weapons programs were killed and a train carrying fissionable material was destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-thomas-123">[121]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h5></div>

In a September 2003 news article,<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> it was alleged by Rediff News that General <a href="Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a>, the then-president of Pakistan, decided to establish a clandestine relationship between Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and Mossad via officers of the two services posted at their embassies in Washington, DC.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h5></div>

Mossad had helped both <a href="Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and the <a href="Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Eelam</a>. Mossad agent <a href="Victor_Ostrovsky" title="Victor Ostrovsky">Victor Ostrovsky</a> claimed that Mossad trained both the <a href="Sri_Lankan_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan armed forces">Sri Lankan armed forces</a> and the LTTE while keeping the two separated. <a href="Ravi_Jayewardene" title="Ravi Jayewardene">Ravi Jayewardene</a>, head of the <a href="Special_Task_Force_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Special Task Force (Sri Lanka)">STF</a>, had toured Israel in 1984 and took inspiration from the <a href="Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> in the <a href="Palestinian_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Territories">Palestinian Territories</a> to form armed Sinhalese settlements in strategic border areas of the Tamil-dominant Northern and Eastern provinces.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Austria">Austria</h4></div>

In 1954, after Mossad received intelligence that an Israeli officer who had access to classified military technologies, Major Alexander Israel, had approached Egyptian officials in Europe and offered to sell Israeli military secrets and documents, a team of Mossad and Shin Bet officers was quickly sent to Europe to locate him and abduct him, and located him in <a href="Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. The mission was code-named Operation Bren. A female agent managed to lure him to a meeting through a <a href="Honey_trapping" title="Honey trapping">honey trap</a> operation, and he was subsequently kidnapped, sedated, and flown to Israel aboard a waiting Israeli military plane. However, the plane had to make several refueling stops, and he was given an additional dose of sedatives each time, which ultimately caused him to overdose, killing him. Upon arrival in Israel, after it was discovered that he was dead, he was given a <a href="Burial_at_sea" title="Burial at sea">burial at sea</a>, and the case remained highly classified for decades.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a>

Mossad gathered information on Austrian politician <a href="J%C3%B6rg_Haider" title="Jörg Haider">Jörg Haider</a> using a <a href="Mole_(espionage)" title="Mole (espionage)">mole</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belgium">Belgium</h4></div>

Mossad is alleged to be responsible for the killing of Canadian engineer and <a href="Ballistics" title="Ballistics">ballistics</a> expert <a href="Gerald_Bull" title="Gerald Bull">Gerald Bull</a> on March 22, 1990. He was shot multiple times in the head outside his <a href="Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> apartment.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> Bull was at the time working for <a href="Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> on the <a href="Project_Babylon" title="Project Babylon">Project Babylon</a> <a href="Supergun_affair" title="Supergun affair">supergun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> Others, including Bull's son, believe that Mossad is taking credit for an act they did not commit to scare off others who may try to help enemy regimes. The alternative theory is that Bull was killed by the CIA. Iraq and <a href="Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> are also candidates for suspicion.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</h4></div>

Assisted in air and overland evacuations of Bosnian Jews from war-torn <a href="Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> to Israel in 1992 and 1993.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cyprus">Cyprus</h4></div>

The killing of <a href="Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">Hussein Al Bashir</a> in Nicosia, Cyprus, in 1973 in relation to the <a href="Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JVLibrary-87">[85]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4></div>

Mossad allegedly assisted <a href="Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>'s domestic security service in the disappearance of dissident politician <a href="Mehdi_Ben_Barka" title="Mehdi Ben Barka">Mehdi Ben Barka</a> in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a>

<a href="Cherbourg_Project" title="Cherbourg Project">Cherbourg Project</a> – Operation Noa, the 1969 smuggling of five <a href="Sa'ar_3-class_missile_boat" title="Sa'ar 3-class missile boat">Sa'ar 3-class missile boats</a> out of Cherbourg.

The killing of <a href="Mahmoud_Hamshari" title="Mahmoud Hamshari">Mahmoud Hamshari</a>, alleged coordinator of the Munich massacre, with an exploding telephone in his Paris apartment in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-JVLibrary-87">[85]</a>

The killing of <a href="Basil_Al_Kubaisi" title="Basil Al Kubaisi">Basil Al Kubaisi</a>, who was involved in the Munich massacre, in Paris in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-JVLibrary-87">[85]</a>

The killing of <a href="Mohamed_Boudia" title="Mohamed Boudia">Mohamed Boudia</a>, member of the <a href="Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a>, in Paris in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-JVLibrary-87">[85]</a>

On April 5, 1979, Mossad agents are believed to have triggered an explosion which destroyed 60 percent of components being built in <a href="Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> for an Iraqi reactor. Although an environmental organization, Groupe des écologistes français, unheard of before this incident, claimed credit for the blast,<a href="#cite_note-By_Way_of_Deception-79">[77]</a> most French officials discount the claim. The reactor itself was subsequently destroyed by <a href="Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera">an Israeli air strike</a> in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-By_Way_of_Deception-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a>

The alleged killing of <a href="Zuheir_Mohsen" title="Zuheir Mohsen">Zuheir Mohsen</a>, a pro-Syrian member of the <a href="PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">PLO</a>, in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a>

The killing of <a href="Yehia_El-Mashad" class="mw-redirect" title="Yehia El-Mashad">Yehia El-Mashad</a>, the head of the Iraq nuclear weapons program, in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a>

The alleged killing of <a href="Atef_Bseiso" title="Atef Bseiso">Atef Bseiso</a>, a top intelligence officer of the PLO, in Paris in 1992. French police believe that a team of assassins followed Atef Bseiso from Berlin, where that first team connected with another team to close in on him in front of a Left Bank hotel, where he received three head-shots at point blank range.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4></div>

<a href="Operation_Plumbat" title="Operation Plumbat">Operation Plumbat</a> (1968) was an operation by <a href="Lekem" title="Lekem">Lekem</a>-Mossad to further Israel's nuclear program. The German freighter "Scheersberg A" disappeared on its way from <a href="Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> to <a href="Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> along with its cargo of 200 tons of <a href="Yellowcake" title="Yellowcake">yellowcake</a>, after supposedly being transferred to an Israeli ship.<a href="#cite_note-bs-137">[135]</a>

The sending of <a href="Letter_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter bombs">letter bombs</a> during the <a href="Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">assassination campaign</a>. Some of these attacks were not fatal. Their purpose might not have been to kill the receiver. A Mossad letter bomb led to fugitive Nazi war-criminal <a href="Alois_Brunner" title="Alois Brunner">Alois Brunner</a>'s losing four fingers from his right hand in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> Years earlier, on 25 September 1963, the Mossad tried to kill SS-<a href="Hauptsturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Hauptsturmführer">Hauptsturmführer</a> and <a href="Sanit%C3%A4tswesen_(Nazi_camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanitätswesen (Nazi camp)">concentration camp doctor</a> <a href="Hans_Eisele_(physician)" title="Hans Eisele (physician)">Hans Eisele</a> with a mail bomb. However, the bomb detonated early, instead killing a postal worker.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a>

The alleged targeted killing of <a href="Wadie_Haddad" title="Wadie Haddad">Wadie Haddad</a>, using poisoned chocolate. Haddad died on 28 March 1978, in the <a href="German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a> supposedly from leukemia. According to the book Striking Back, published by Aharon Klein in 2006, Haddad was eliminated by Mossad, which had sent the <a href="Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>-loving Haddad <a href="Belgian_chocolate" title="Belgian chocolate">Belgian chocolates</a> coated with a slow-acting and undetectable poison which caused him to die several months later. "It took him a few long months to die", Klein said in the book.<a href="#cite_note-smh8may-141">[139]</a>

Mossad discovered that <a href="Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> had recruited a German national named Steven Smyrek, and that he was travelling to Israel. In an operation conducted by Mossad, the <a href="CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>, the German Internal Security agency <a href="Bundesamt_f%C3%BCr_Verfassungsschutz" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz">Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz</a> (BfV), and the Israeli Internal Security agency <a href="Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a>, Smyrek was kept under constant surveillance, and arrested as soon as he landed in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greece">Greece</h4></div>

The killing of Zaiad Muchasi, <a href="Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> representative to <a href="Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, by an explosion in his Athens hotel room in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-JVLibrary-87">[85]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4></div>

The <a href="Assassination_of_Mahmoud_Al-Mabhouh" title="Assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh">assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh</a> – a senior <a href="Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> military commander – in <a href="Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, 2010, was suspected to be the work of Mossad, and there were eight Irish passports (six of which were used) fraudulently obtained by the Israeli embassy in <a href="Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> for use by alleged Mossad agents in the operation. The <a href="Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Irish government</a> was angered over the use of Irish passports, summoned the Israeli ambassador for an explanation and expelled the Israeli diplomat deemed responsible from Dublin, following an investigation. One of the passports was registered to a residence on Pembroke Road, <a href="Ballsbridge" title="Ballsbridge">Ballsbridge</a>, on the same road as the Israeli embassy. The house was empty when later searched, but there was suspicion by Irish authorities it had been used as a Mossad <a href="Safe_house" title="Safe house">safe house</a> in the past.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> Mossad is reported to have a working relationship with the Irish <a href="Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Ireland)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)">military intelligence service</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> and has previously tipped the Irish authorities off about arms shipments from the Middle East to Ireland for use by <a href="Dissident_republican" title="Dissident republican">dissident republican</a> militants, resulting in their interception and arrests.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italy">Italy</h4></div>

The killing of <a href="Wael_Zwaiter" title="Wael Zwaiter">Wael Zwaiter</a>, thought to be a member of <a href="Black_September_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black September (group)">Black September</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a>

In 1986, Mossad used an undercover agent to lure <a href="Mordechai_Vanunu" title="Mordechai Vanunu">Mordechai Vanunu</a>, in a <a href="Honey_trapping" title="Honey trapping">honey trap</a> style operation, from the United Kingdom to Italy. There, he was abducted and returned to Israel, where he was tried and found guilty of <a href="Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> because of his role in exposing <a href="Israel's_nuclear_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's nuclear programme">Israel's nuclear weapons programme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-149">[147]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malta">Malta</h4></div>

The killing of <a href="Fathi_Shiqaqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fathi Shiqaqi">Fathi Shiqaqi</a>. Shiqaqi, a leader of the <a href="Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a>, was shot several times in the head in 1995 in front of the Diplomat Hotel in <a href="Sliema" title="Sliema">Sliema</a>, <a href="Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Norway">Norway</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Lillehammer_affair" title="Lillehammer affair">Lillehammer affair</a></div>

On July 21, 1973, <a href="Ahmed_Bouchiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Bouchiki">Ahmed Bouchiki</a>, a <a href="Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> waiter in <a href="Lillehammer" title="Lillehammer">Lillehammer</a>, Norway, was killed by Mossad agents. He had been mistaken for <a href="Ali_Hassan_Salameh" title="Ali Hassan Salameh">Ali Hassan Salameh</a>, one of the leaders of <a href="Black_September_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black September (group)">Black September</a>, the <a href="Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian</a> group responsible for the <a href="Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a>, who had been given shelter in Norway. Mossad agents had used fake <a href="Canadian_passport" title="Canadian passport">Canadian passports</a>, which angered the Canadian government. Six Mossad agents were arrested, and the incident came to be known as the <a href="Lillehammer_affair" title="Lillehammer affair">Lillehammer affair</a>. Israel subsequently paid compensation to Bouchiki's family.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Serbia">Serbia</h4></div>

Israel provided weapons to the Serbs during the <a href="Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>, possibly due to the pro-Serbian bias of the government of the time,<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> or possibly in exchange for the immigration of the Sarajevo Jewish community to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> The Mossad allegedly was responsible for providing Serbian groups with arms.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h4></div>

According to secret <a href="CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> and <a href="US_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US State Department">US State Department</a> documents discovered by the Iranian students who took over the <a href="U.S._Embassy_in_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Embassy in Tehran">U.S. Embassy in Tehran</a> on November 4, 1979:

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In <a href="Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> the Israelis have an Embassy in Bern and a Consulate-General in <a href="Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> which provide cover for Collection Department officers involved in unilateral operations. These Israeli diplomatic installations also maintain close relations with the Swiss on a local level in regard to overt functions such as physical security for Israeli official and commercial installations in the country and the protection of staff members and visiting Israelis. There is also close collaboration between the Israelis and Swiss on scientific and technical matters pertaining to intelligence and security operations. Swiss officials have made frequent trips to Israel. There is a continual flow of Israelis to and through Switzerland. These visits, however, are usually arranged through the Political Action and Liaison regional controller at the Embassy in <a href="Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> directly with the Swiss and not through the officials in the Israeli Embassy in <a href="Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, although the latter are kept informed.</blockquote>

In February 1998, five Mossad agents were caught wiretapping the home of a <a href="Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> agent in a <a href="Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> suburb. Four agents were freed, but the fifth was tried, found guilty, sentenced to one year in prison, and following his release was banned from entering Switzerland for five years.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h4></div>

Mossad was involved in outreach to <a href="Refusenik" title="Refusenik">refuseniks</a> in the Soviet Union during the <a href="Russian_aliya" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian aliya">crackdown</a> on <a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia#The_Soviet_Union_and_Zionism" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Soviet Jews</a> in the period between the 1950s and the 1980s. Mossad helped establish contact with Refuseniks in the USSR, and helped them acquire Jewish religious items, banned by the Soviet government, in addition to passing communications into and out of the USSR. Many rabbinical students from Western countries travelled to the Soviet Union as part of this program in order to establish and maintain contact with refuseniks.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4></div>

In 1984, Mossad agents were caught attempting to <a href="Dikko_affair" title="Dikko affair">kidnap</a> Nigerian politician <a href="Umaru_Dikko" title="Umaru Dikko">Umaru Dikko</a> from London. On July 4, 1984, customs officials at <a href="Stansted_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Stansted airport">Stansted airport</a> discovered Dikko in a crate that was about to be flown to Nigeria. Agents Alexander Barak, Felix Abithol, and anesthetist Dr. Levi-Arie Shapiro were given prison sentences of between ten and fourteen years.

In 1986, a bag containing eight forged British passports was discovered in a telephone booth in <a href="West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. The passports had been the work of Mossad and were intended for the Israeli Embassy in London for use in covert operations. The British government, furious, demanded that Israel give a promise not forge its passports again, which was obtained.<a href="#cite_note-thatcherdiditfirst-157">[155]</a>

On June 15, 1988, following the trial and conviction of a Palestinian post-graduate student, Ismail Sowan, who was studying at <a href="Hull_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull University">Hull University</a>, two Mossad agents were expelled from the UK. Sowan was found in possession of a large arms cache and sentenced to eleven years in prison. During his trial, it was revealed that he had been employed by Mossad for ten years. Mossad agents Arie Regev and Jacob Barad were Sowan's controllers. They had failed to inform <a href="MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a> of Sowan's activities and that they were aware that a Palestinian (Abd al-Rahim Mustapha – who was believed to be involved in the assassination of <a href="Naji_al-Ali" title="Naji al-Ali">Naji al-Ali</a>) had entered the country illegally.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> The Mossad station in the UK remained closed until the <a href="1994_London_Israeli_Embassy_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 London Israeli Embassy bombing">1994 bombing of the Israeli Embassy</a> in London.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h4></div>

In February 2011, a Palestinian engineer, <a href="Dirar_Abu_Seesi" title="Dirar Abu Seesi">Dirar Abu Seesi</a>, was allegedly pulled off a train by Mossad agents en route to the capital <a href="Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> from <a href="Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>. He had been planning to apply for Ukrainian citizenship, and reappeared in an Israeli jail only three weeks after the incident.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Israel-New_Zealand_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-New Zealand relations">Israel-New Zealand relations</a> and <a href="Foreign_espionage_in_New_Zealand" title="Foreign espionage in New Zealand">Foreign espionage in New Zealand</a></div>

In July 2004, New Zealand imposed <a href="International_sanctions" title="International sanctions">diplomatic sanctions</a> on Israel over an <a href="2004_Israel%E2%80%93New_Zealand_passport_scandal" title="2004 Israel–New Zealand passport scandal">incident</a> in which two Australia-based Israelis, Uriel Kelman and Eli Cara, who were allegedly working for Mossad, attempted to fraudulently obtain <a href="New_Zealand_passport" title="New Zealand passport">New Zealand passports</a> by claiming the identity of a severely disabled man. Israeli Foreign Minister <a href="Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Silvan Shalom</a> later apologized to New Zealand for their actions. New Zealand cancelled several other passports believed to have been obtained by Israeli agents.<a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_10332767-160">[158]</a> Both Kelman and Cara served half of their six-month sentences and, upon release, were <a href="Deportation" title="Deportation">deported</a> to Israel. Two others, an Israeli, Ze'ev Barkan, and a New Zealander, David Reznick, are believed to have been the third and fourth men involved in the passport affair but they both managed to leave New Zealand before being apprehended.<a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_3596863-161">[159]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Criminal_Court">International Criminal Court</h3></div>

According to The Guardian, Mossad reportedly conducted an effort to derail the investigation by the <a href="International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC) of Israeli actions in the <a href="Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>. <a href="Fatou_Bensouda" title="Fatou Bensouda">Fatou Bensouda</a>, <a href="Prosecutor_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court">Prosecutor of the ICC</a>, alleged that she and her family were victims of a campaign by Mossad director <a href="Yossi_Cohen" title="Yossi Cohen">Yossi Cohen</a> to dissuade her from opening prosecution of Israeli officials for <a href="War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardian280524-162">[160]</a> The reportage claimed that between late 2019 and early 2021, there were at least three encounters between Cohen and Bensouda, in which Cohen attempted at first to get Bensouda to co-operate with Israel and later to persuade her not to pursue a full investigation.<a href="#cite_note-guardian280524-162">[160]</a> U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo responded to the Israel investigation by accusing the ICC of "only putting Israel in [its] crosshairs for nakedly political purposes" and Bensouda of having "engaged in corrupt acts for her personal benefit".<a href="#cite_note-guardian280524-162">[160]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div>

Films (including made-for-television movies)

<ul><li>The films <a href="Sword_of_Gideon" title="Sword of Gideon">Sword of Gideon</a> (1986) and <a href="Munich_(2005_film)" title="Munich (2005 film)">Munich</a> (2005), depict Mossad agents' retaliation against <a href="Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September</a> following the <a href="Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">events of the 1972 Munich Olympics</a>.</li>

<li><a href="The_Impossible_Spy" title="The Impossible Spy">The Impossible Spy</a> (1987) is a TV movie about the life of top Mossad spy <a href="Eli_Cohen" title="Eli Cohen">Eli Cohen</a>.</li>

<li>In the film <a href="Swordfish_(film)" title="Swordfish (film)">Swordfish</a> (2001), the lead character Gabriel Shear (played by <a href="John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a>) is believed to be a Mossad agent.</li>

<li><a href="The_Red_Sea_Diving_Resort" title="The Red Sea Diving Resort">The Red Sea Diving Resort</a> (2019) is loosely based on the events of <a href="Operation_Moses" title="Operation Moses">Operation Moses</a> and <a href="Operation_Joshua" title="Operation Joshua">Operation Joshua</a> (jointly referred to as <a href="Operation_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Brothers">Operation Brothers</a>), in which Ethiopian Jews were covertly moved from refugee camps in Sudan to Israel.</li>

<li><a href="The_House_on_Garibaldi_Street" title="The House on Garibaldi Street">The House on Garibaldi Street</a> (1979) and <a href="Operation_Finale" title="Operation Finale">Operation Finale</a> (2018) movies about the Mossad exfiltration of Nazi war criminal <a href="Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a> from Argentina</li></ul>

Literature (alphabetical by author's surname)

<ul><li>In <a href="Jeffrey_Archer" title="Jeffrey Archer">Jeffrey Archer</a>'s novel <a href="Honour_Among_Thieves_(novel)" title="Honour Among Thieves (novel)">Honour Among Thieves</a> (1993), the lead female protagonist is a Mossad agent.</li>

<li>In book 4 of Mark Greaney's Gray Man series, Dead Eye, Mossad and the CIA partner to capture the world's most feared and lethal rogue former black ops agent Courtland Gentry.</li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Silva_(novelist)" title="Daniel Silva (novelist)">Daniel Silva's</a> spy novel series is centered on fictional Mossad agent and assassin, <a href="Gabriel_Allon" title="Gabriel Allon">Gabriel Allon</a>. The term "Mossad" is never used in the novels, but the protagonist is described as working for Israel's intelligence service (which the characters refer to simply as "the Office").</li>

<li>John Le Carre's novel <a href="The_Little_Drummer_Girl" title="The Little Drummer Girl">The Little Drummer Girl</a> (1983) describes a fictional Mossad operation against Palestinian terrorists.</li>

<li>Frederick Forsyth's novel <a href="The_Fist_of_God" title="The Fist of God">The Fist of God</a> describes the inner workings of various Mossad divisions.</li>

<li><a href="Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a> character <a href="Sabra_(character)" title="Sabra (character)">Sabra</a> is depicted as a <a href="Mutant_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mutant (Marvel Comics)">mutant</a> agent working for the Mossad.</li></ul>

Television (alphabetical by show)

<ul><li><a href="Tehran_(TV_series)" title="Tehran (TV series)">Tehran</a> (2020–present) is a spy thriller television series about a Mossad agent working undercover in Iran.</li>

<li>In the TV series <a href="The_Blacklist_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Blacklist (TV series)">The Blacklist</a> (2013–2023), Mossad agent <a href="Samar_Navabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Samar Navabi">Samar Navabi</a> (played by <a href="Mozhan_Marn%C3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozhan Marnò">Mozhan Marnò</a>) is one of the side characters.</li>

<li>In the TV series <a href="Covert_Affairs" title="Covert Affairs">Covert Affairs</a> (2010–2015), Mossad agent Eyal Lavin is a recurring character.</li>

<li>Since the <a href="NCIS_(TV_series)" title="NCIS (TV series)">NCIS</a> season 3 episode "<a href="NCIS_season_3" title="NCIS season 3">Kill Ari (Part 1)</a>" (2005), Mossad has played an instrumental part. Mossad's presence includes one of the main characters, Agent <a href="Ziva_David" title="Ziva David">Ziva David</a>, who is a former Mossad Agent. She originally filled the position of Mossad liaison to NCIS, until the end of <a href="NCIS_season_7" title="NCIS season 7">season 7</a>, when she became a full-time NCIS agent. Her father, <a href="List_of_NCIS_characters#Eli_David" title="List of NCIS characters">Eli David</a>, was the director of Mossad, until the <a href="NCIS_season_10" title="NCIS season 10">season 10</a> episode "<a href="Shabbat_Shalom_(NCIS)" title="Shabbat Shalom (NCIS)">Shabbat Shalom</a>", when he was killed. Many other characters have been included in the show from Mossad, including <a href="Michael_Rivkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Rivkin">Michael Rivkin</a> and <a href="Ari_Haswari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ari Haswari">Ari Haswari</a>. Some episodes of the show have taken place in Israel.</li>

<li><a href="The_Spy_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spy (TV series)">The Spy</a> (2019) is a web television miniseries on the life of top Mossad spy <a href="Eli_Cohen" title="Eli Cohen">Eli Cohen</a>.</li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">

<ul><li><a href="Duvdevan_Unit" title="Duvdevan Unit">Duvdevan Unit</a> – Israel's undercover strike unit</li>

<li><a href="List_of_Israeli_assassinations" title="List of Israeli assassinations">List of Israeli assassinations</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_Activities_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Activities Division">Special Activities Division</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Spy_Machine" title="The Spy Machine">The Spy Machine</a> (1998), a British documentary special about the work of the Mossad</li>

<li><a href="Unit_8200" title="Unit 8200">Unit 8200</a>, <a href="Israeli_Intelligence_Corps" title="Israeli Intelligence Corps">Israeli Intelligence Corps</a> SIGINT and cyber unit</li>

<li><a href="Yamam" title="Yamam">Yamam</a>, Israel's elite Border Police SWAT unit</li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Also referred to as "the Mossad" (<a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: הַמּוֹסָד, <a href="Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: ha-Mosád, IPA: [hamoˈsad]; <a href="Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: الموساد, <a href="Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: al-Mōsād, IPA: [almoːˈsaːd]; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'the Institute').

</li>

<li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Argentina claimed that the "illicit and clandestine transfer of Eichmann from Argentine territory constitutes a flagrant violation of the Argentine State's right of sovereignty[.]"<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In Eichmann's case, the most salient feature from the perspective of international law was the fact of Israeli law enforcement action in another state's territory without consent; the human element includes the dramatic circumstances of the capture by Mossad agents and the ensuing custody and transfer to Israel[.]<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> At its most obvious level this means that the exercise of enforcement jurisdiction within the territory of another state will be a violation of territorial integrity. For example, after Adolf Eichmann [...] was abducted from Argentina by a group of Israelis, now known to be from the Israeli Secret Service (Mossad), the Argentine Government lodged a complaint with the UN Security Council [...] It is however unclear whether as a matter of international law the obligation to make reparation for a violation of territorial sovereignty such as that involved in the Eichmann case includes an obligation to return the offender.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFLevinson2018" class="citation news cs1">Levinson, Chaim (August 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-more-ops-more-secrets-more-money-mossad-s-supercharged-makeover-1.6410934">"A Golden Age for the Mossad: More Targets, More Ops, More Money"</a>. <a href="Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation web cs1">Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/mossad-expert-ex-spies-outline-planning-challenges-of-targeted-killings/">"Mossad expert, ex-spies outline planning, challenges of targeted killings"</a>. The Times of Israel. Retrieved May 20, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mossad">"Mossad | History & Functions | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. December 18, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mossad.gov.il/history">"Mossad"</a>. www.mossad.gov.il (in Hebrew). Retrieved December 20, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:1-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB407/docs/EBB-PollardDoc1.pdf">"Israel: Foreign Intelligence and Security Service"</a> (PDF). March 1979. 8, 10, 15. Retrieved December 20, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.il/he/departments/about/about_ministry_of_intelligence">"Ministry of Intelligence"</a> (in Hebrew).</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/world/middle-east/2018/08/secret-history-mossad-israel-s-feared-and-respected-intelligence-agency">"The secret history of Mossad, Israel's feared and respected intelligence agency"</a>. <a href="New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Ynet-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Ynet_9-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFShoan2018" class="citation news cs1">Shoan, Amir (February 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5064777,00.html">"'If she wants to, a woman can head the Mossad'"</a>. <a href="Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a>. Retrieved August 29, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFאייכנר2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">אייכנר, איתמר (May 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4802192,00.html">"מעוניינים לעבוד במוסד? פתרו את כתב החידה"</a>. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved April 6, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFריבלין2012" class="citation news cs1">ריבלין, ורד רמון (September 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000783977">"לראשונה בתולדות המדינה: 5 לוחמות מוסד בכירות מדברות; "אני עושה דברים שרואים בסרטי ריגול; אם אני נתפסת – נגמרו לי החיים""</a>. Globes. Retrieved April 6, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Gender-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gender_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gender_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gender_12-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFBergman2017" class="citation news cs1">Bergman, Ronen (October 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5023619,00.html">"Gender revolution in Mossad ranks"</a>. <a href="Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a>. Retrieved August 29, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-license-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-license_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-license_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-license_13-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFThomas2010" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Gordon (February 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7254807/Mossads-licence-to-kill.html">"Mossad's licence to kill"</a>. Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7254807/Mossads-licence-to-kill.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved November 5, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMoore2015" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Jack (December 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/who-new-mossad-chief-yossi-cohen-402443">"Who Is Yossi Cohen, Mossad's New Spymaster?"</a>. Newsweek. Retrieved July 18, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/veteran-mossad-operative-named-israeli-spy-agencys-new-chief-2021-05-24/">"Veteran Mossad operative named Israeli spy agency's new chief"</a>. Reuters. May 21, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Israel Vs. Iran: The Shadow War, Potomac Books, Inc, 2012, page 91, By Yaakov Katz, Yoaz Hendel

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Workings of Israel's secret service exposed, London Times, 2 August 1996

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libertad.gov.il/">"Libertad Ventures"</a>. libertad.gov.il.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-jpost.com-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jpost.com_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpost.com_19-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israels-Mossad-is-looking-for-a-few-good-startups-498063">ISRAEL'S MOSSAD IS LOOKING FOR A FEW GOOD STARTUPS</a> BY HERB KEINON, JUNE 27, 2017, Jerusalem Post

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7254807/Mossads-licence-to-kill.html">"Mossad's licence to kill"</a>. <a href="The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. February 17, 2010.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-lat01-21"><a href="#cite_ref-lat01_21-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMelman2001" class="citation news cs1">Melman, Yossi (February 25, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-25-op-29986-story.html">"All the Fugitive's Men in Israel"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 5, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-tg09-22"><a href="#cite_ref-tg09_22-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/apr/17/lockerbie">"What if they are innocent?"</a>. The Guardian. April 17, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-thomas2-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thomas2_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas2_23-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFThomas2015" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Gordon (November 19, 2015). Gideon's Spies: Mossad's Secret Warriors. Pan Macmillan. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0330375375</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-kahana-24"><a href="#cite_ref-kahana_24-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKahana2006" class="citation book cs1">Kahana, Ephraim (April 19, 2006). Historical Dictionary of Israeli Intelligence (Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence). Scarecrow Press; Illustrated edition. p. 244. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0810855816</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nzher04-25"><a href="#cite_ref-nzher04_25-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHallel2004" class="citation news cs1">Hallel, Amir (October 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/at-home-with-the-mossad-men/DUYRY353K67IPSLKMGKSNBJVTI/">"At home with the Mossad men"</a>. New Zealand Herald. Retrieved November 5, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-richelson-26"><a href="#cite_ref-richelson_26-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRichelson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Richelson, Jeffrey T. (February 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850600600889431?mobileUi=0&journalCode=ujic20">"The Mossad Imagined: The Israeli Secret Service in Film and Fiction"</a>. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. 20 (1): 138. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08850600600889431">10.1080/08850600600889431</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0885-0607">0885-0607</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154278415">154278415</a>. Retrieved November 5, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-huff17-27"><a href="#cite_ref-huff17_27-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDajani2017" class="citation news cs1">Dajani, Jamal (December 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mossads-little-helpers_b_487173">"Mossad's Little Helpers"</a>. Huffington Post. Retrieved November 5, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-bodlim-28"><a href="#cite_ref-bodlim_28-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFOstrovskyHoy1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Victor_Ostrovsky" title="Victor Ostrovsky">Ostrovsky, Victor</a>; Hoy, Claire (1991). <a href="By_Way_of_Deception" title="By Way of Deception">By Way of Deception: A Devastating Insider's Portrait of the Mossad</a>. Toronto: General Paperback. pp. 76–77. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7736-7316-8</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFShapira2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shapira, Asaf (June 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idi.org.il/parliaments/8067/12013">"אסף שפירא, ‏מינויים לתפקידים בכירים בשירות המדינה והפיקוח עליהם"</a> [Appointments to senior positions in the civil service and their supervision]. Israel Democracy Institute (in Hebrew) (69). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005821/https://www.idi.org.il/parliaments/8067/12013">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irp.fas.org/world/israel/mossad/">"Israeli Intelligence Agencies"</a>. irp.fas.org. Retrieved April 6, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Operation-Harpoon-How-the-Mossad-and-an-Israeli-NGO-destroyed-terrorist-money-networks-513622">OP. HARPOON: HOW THE MOSSAD AND AN ISRAELI NGO DESTROYED TERRORIST MONEY NETWORKS</a>, <a href="Jerusalem_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Post">Jerusalem Post</a>, 7 Nov 2017

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/following-money">Following the Money</a>, By Yishai Schwartz, January 18, 2018

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSirrs2006" class="citation book cs1">Sirrs, Owen L. (2006). Nasser and the Missile Age in the Middle East. Routledge. p. 93. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780415407984</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-israel_attack_iran_nyt-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-israel_attack_iran_nyt_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-israel_attack_iran_nyt_34-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFBergman2012" class="citation news cs1">Bergman, Ronen (January 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/magazine/will-israel-attack-iran.html?pagewanted=all">"Will Israel Attack Iran?"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2012.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-The_Forward_and_Dan_Raviv_And_Yossi_Melman-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Forward_and_Dan_Raviv_And_Yossi_Melman_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Forward_and_Dan_Raviv_And_Yossi_Melman_35-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFThe_Forward_and_Dan_Raviv_And_Yossi_Melman2016" class="citation news cs1">The Forward and Dan Raviv And Yossi Melman (March 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.711115">"The Strange Case of a Nazi Who Became an Israeli Hitman"</a>. Haaretz.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zionism-israel.com/Israel_espionage_timeline_1948.htm">"Israel Intelligence and covert operations: Chronology 1948 – 1955"</a>. Zionism-israel. Retrieved December 4, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Ross-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ross_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ross_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ross_37-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFRoss2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Michael_Ross_(Mossad_officer)" title="Michael Ross (Mossad officer)">Ross, Michael</a> (2007). The Volunteer. Skyhorse Publishing. pp. 251–272. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1602391321</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Intifada-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_38-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAburish1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Said_K._Aburish" class="mw-redirect" title="Said K. Aburish">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). From Defender to Dictator. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 203–210. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-58234-049-4</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Abu_Iyad-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Abu_Iyad_39-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAburish1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Said_K._Aburish" class="mw-redirect" title="Said K. Aburish">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). From Defender to Dictator. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-58234-049-4</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Report-Mossad-assassinates-Hamas-operative-in-Tunsia-475625">Report: Hamas operative known as 'The Engineer' assassinated by Mossad in Tunisia</a> By JPOST.COM STAFF, 12/16/2016

</li>

<li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4894183,00.html">Tunisia investigating Mossad-suspected assassination</a> Roi Kais, 17 December 2016, ynetnews

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRoffe-Ofir2006" class="citation news cs1">Roffe-Ofir, Sharon (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3269662,00.html">"Mossad took photos, Entebbe Operation was on its way"</a>. <a href="Ynetnews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynetnews">Ynetnews</a>. Retrieved July 6, 2009.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-07-04-palestinian-pressure_x.htm">"Israel marks 30th anniversary of Entebbe."</a> Associated Press in USA Today. July 5, 2006.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Bass, Gary J. (2004.) The Adolf Eichmann Case: Universal and National Jurisdiction. In Stephen Macedo (ed,) Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes. (ch.4) Philadelphia: U.Penn. Press.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Damrosch, Lori F. (2004.) Connecting the Threads in the Fabric of International Law. In Stephen Macedo (ed,) Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes. (ch.5) Philadelphia: U.Penn. Press. The principle of territorial integrity (in Art. 2(4) UN Charter)

</li>

<a href="Rosalyn_Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalyn Higgins">Higgins, Rosalyn</a> and Maurice Floy. (1997). Terrorism and International Law. UK: Routledge. (p. 48)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111126225838/http://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1960/scres60.htm">"Security Council Resolution 138, "Question Relating to the Case of Adolf Eichmann""</a>. UN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1960/scres60.htm">the original</a> on November 26, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Posner, Gerald L.; John Ware. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1986/05/18/fugitive-413/">"How Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele cheated justice for 34 years"</a>. <a href="Chicago_(magazine)" title="Chicago (magazine)">Chicago Tribune Magazine</a>. May 18, 1986.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intelligenceonline.com/threat-assessment/1994/07/06/promis-israeli-backlash-in-the-us,64809-eve">"UNITED STATES/ISRAEL : PROMIS: ISRAELI BACKLASH IN THE U.S.? – 06/07/1994"</a>. Intelligence Online. January 15, 2025. Retrieved January 15, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFricker" class="citation magazine cs1">Fricker, Richard L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/1993/01/inslaw/">"The INSLAW Octopus"</a>. Wired. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a>. Retrieved January 15, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consortiumnews.com/archive/xfile11.html">"Earl Brian: Reagan's 'Scandal Man' Off to Jail"</a>. www.consortiumnews.com. Retrieved January 15, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFThomasDillon2003" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Gordon; Dillon, Martin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0V7xwAEACAAJ">The Assassination of Robert Maxwell: Israel's Superspy</a>. Robson. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-86105-642-9</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/who-mega-173088">"Who Is Mega?"</a>. Newsweek. May 18, 1997. Retrieved January 15, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jonathanpollard.org/megaspy.htm">"Mega Spy Scandal"</a>. www.jonathanpollard.org. Retrieved January 15, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2024/jan/10/inside-ring-former-nsa-counterspy-says-jeffrey-eps/">"Former NSA counterspy says Jeffrey Epstein was part of Israeli network"</a>. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 15, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFStoil" class="citation web cs1">Stoil, Rebecca Shimoni. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-said-to-have-offered-lewinsky-tapes-for-pollard/">"Netanyahu said to have offered Lewinsky tapes for Pollard"</a>. www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved February 3, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-latimes2001-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimes2001_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes2001_58-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-sep-20-mn-47840-story.html">Officials Told of 'Major Assault' Plans</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529104813/http://www.israelherald.com/index.php/sid/222083317/scat/f81a4d9d561822ee/ht/Document-reveals-spying-on-US-by-Israel">"Document reveals spying on US by Israel | Israel Herald"</a>. May 29, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelherald.com/index.php/sid/222083317/scat/f81a4d9d561822ee/ht/Document-reveals-spying-on-US-by-Israel">the original</a> on May 29, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://7news.com.au/the-morning-show/jeffrey-epstein-was-a-mossad-spy-says-investigative-journalist-dylan-howard-c-595812">"The disturbing reason Jeffrey Epstein's homes had a camera in every room"</a>. 7NEWS. December 9, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211227003644/https://7news.com.au/the-morning-show/jeffrey-epstein-was-a-mossad-spy-says-investigative-journalist-dylan-howard-c-595812">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMcKay2020" class="citation web cs1">McKay, Hollie (June 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/jeffrey-epsteins-alleged-spy-ties-under-fresh-scrutiny-in-new-book">"Jeffrey Epstein's alleged 'spy' ties under fresh scrutiny in new book"</a>. Fox News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107120103/https://www.foxnews.com/us/jeffrey-epsteins-alleged-spy-ties-under-fresh-scrutiny-in-new-book">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFO’_Malley" class="citation web cs1">O’ Malley, JP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/for-writer-who-broke-epstein-case-a-rumored-mossad-link-is-worth-digging-into/">"For writer who broke Epstein case, a rumored Mossad link is worth digging into"</a>. <a href="The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104185331/https://www.timesofisrael.com/for-writer-who-broke-epstein-case-a-rumored-mossad-link-is-worth-digging-into/">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRoyston2023" class="citation web cs1">Royston, Jack (October 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/prince-andrew-virginia-giuffre-jeffrey-epstein-spy-theory-1832295">"Prince Andrew's accuser shares Jeffrey Epstein spy theory"</a>. <a href="Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107063023/https://www.newsweek.com/prince-andrew-virginia-giuffre-jeffrey-epstein-spy-theory-1832295">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-wiesenthal-64"><a href="#cite_ref-wiesenthal_64-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120005/http://www.wiesenthal.com/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=fwLYKnN8LzH&b=245494&ct=948863">"Simon Wiesenthal Center"</a>. Wiesenthal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiesenthal.com/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=fwLYKnN8LzH&b=245494&ct=948863">the original</a> on September 29, 2007. Retrieved December 4, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/mossad-chief-reportedly-visited-saudi-arabia-for-talks-on-iran-1.304032">"Mossad chief reportedly visited Saudi Arabia for talks on Iran"</a>. <a href="Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222161956/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/9593-israeli-army-report-reveals-intelligence-and-security-relations-with-several-arab-and-muslim-countries">"Israeli army report reveals intelligence and security relations with several Arab and Muslim countries"</a>. middleeastmonitor.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/9593-israeli-army-report-reveals-intelligence-and-security-relations-with-several-arab-and-muslim-countries">the original</a> on February 22, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Iran.pdf">Iran</a>, Library of Congress Country Studies (pp 276). Retrieved August 12, 2015.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Ervand Abrahamian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft3s2005jq&chunk.id=d0e5364&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e4549">Tortured Confessions</a> (University of California Press, 1999), p. 104

</li>

<li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/central-intelligence-agency-cia-in-persia">"CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY – Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved January 13, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Linzer, Dafna. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/07/AR2007030702241.html">Former Iranian Defense Official Talks to Western Intelligence</a>", The Washington Post, March 8, 2007. Retrieved March 8, 2007.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Mahnaimi, Uzi. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070313190135/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1497034.ece">Defector spied on Iran for years</a>", The Sunday Times, March 11, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2007.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/15/world/middleeast/iran-mourns-missile-commander-killed-in-blast.html">'Iran mourns missile commander killed in blastt'</a> New York Times November 14, 2011

</li>

<li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3974432,00.html">'Mossad behind Iranian military base blast'</a> Ynet, October 25, 2010

</li>

<li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091010142626/http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=283793">"Geopolitical Diary: Israeli Covert Operations in Iran"</a>. <a href="Stratfor" title="Stratfor">Stratfor</a>. February 2, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=283793">the original</a> on October 10, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2007.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAri_Gross2018" class="citation web cs1">Ari Gross, Judah (May 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/mossads-stunning-op-in-iran-casts-giant-shadow-over-the-intelligence-it-stole/">"Mossad's stunning op in Iran overshadows the actual intelligence it stole"</a>. Times of Israel.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/european-intelligence-officials-briefed-in-israel-on-irans-nuclear-archive/">European intelligence officials briefed in Israel on Iran's nuclear archive</a>", Times of Israel, May 5, 2018.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/head-of-irans-intelligence-services-a-double-agent-for-israels-mossad-ex-iranian-president-mahmoud-ahmadinejad-drops-a-bomb/articleshow/113845204.cms?from=mdr">"Head of Iran's intelligence services a double agent for Israel's Mossad? Ex Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad drops a bomb"</a>. The Economic Times. October 1, 2024. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0389">0013-0389</a>. Retrieved October 2, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-822669">"Ex-Iranian president Ahmedinejad claims Mossad infiltrated Iranian intelligence"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. October 1, 2024. Retrieved October 2, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-By_Way_of_Deception-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-By_Way_of_Deception_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-By_Way_of_Deception_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-By_Way_of_Deception_79-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFOstrovsky,_Victor1990" class="citation cs2">Ostrovsky, Victor (1990), By Way of Deception – The making and unmaking of a Mossad Officer, New York: St. Martin's Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-9717595-0-3</bdi></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> McGeough, Paul (2009) Kill Khalid – The Failed Mossad Assassination of Khalid Mishal and the Rise of Hamas. Quartet Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7043-7157-6</bdi>. Pages 126,127.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_81-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFCowell,_Alan1997" class="citation news cs1">Cowell, Alan (October 15, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/15/world/the-daring-attack-that-blew-up-in-israel-s-face.html?pagewanted=all">"The Daring Attack That Blew Up in Israel's Face"</a>. The New York Times.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> McGeough, Paul (2009) Kill Khalid – The Failed Mossad Assassination of Khalid Mishal and the Rise of Hamas. Quartet Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7043-7157-6</bdi>. Page 184.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Guerin, Orla. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/2072849.stm">Arafat: On borrowed time</a>", BBC News, June 29, 2002. Retrieved October 27, 2006.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Harlow-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Harlow_84-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBarbara_Harlow1986" class="citation journal cs1">Barbara Harlow (Winter–Spring 1986). "Return to Haifa: 'Opening the Borders' in Palestinian Literature". Social Text (13/14): 3–23. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/466196">466196</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F20F1EFD3B5C0C738DDDAE0894DB484D81">Life and Death of a Terrorist</a>, The New York Times, July 10, 1983.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Shalev, Noam <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_world/4627388.stm">'The hunt for Black September'</a>, <a href="BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>, January 26, 2006. Retrieved March 14, 2006.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-JVLibrary-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JVLibrary_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JVLibrary_87-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JVLibrary_87-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JVLibrary_87-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JVLibrary_87-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JVLibrary_87-5">f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hits.html">Israeli "Hits" On Terrorists</a>, Jewish Virtual Library, last updated December 18, 2007. Retrieved December 24, 2007.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBlanford2006" class="citation news cs1">Blanford, Nicholas (June 15, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080726225915/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,251-2227831,00.html">"Lebanon exposes deadly Israeli spy ring"</a>. The Times. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,251-2227831,00.html">the original</a> on July 26, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2006.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3118633.stm">"Beirut blast kills Hezbollah fighter"</a>. BBC News. August 2, 2003. Retrieved June 9, 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3905797.stm">"Beirut bomb kills Hezbollah man"</a>. BBC News. July 19, 2004. Retrieved April 21, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMrque2006" class="citation news cs1">Mrque, Baseem (May 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/26/AR2006052600318.html">"Islamic Jihad Leader Killed in Lebanon"</a>. The Washington Post. Washington. Retrieved January 22, 2010.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yalibnan.com/2010/06/28/lebanon-arrests-another-2-over-spying-for-israel/">"Lebanon arrests another 2 over spying for Israel"</a>. Ya Libnan. June 28, 2010. Retrieved October 23, 2010.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBergman2018" class="citation web cs1">Bergman, Ronen (January 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/magazine/how-arafat-eluded-israels-assassination-machine.html">"How Arafat Eluded Israel's Assassination Machine"</a>. New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241205071621/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/magazine/how-arafat-eluded-israels-assassination-machine.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/mossad-assassinations-israel-foreign-operations-arafat-book-shin-bet-ronan-bergman-interviews-a8181391.html">Poisoned toothpaste and exploding phones: New book chronicles Israel's '2,700' assassination operations</a>", Ethan Bronner, January 27, 2018, The Independent.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Our Man in Damascus, 1969.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-The_Spies_Inside_Damascus-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Spies_Inside_Damascus_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Spies_Inside_Damascus_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Spies_Inside_Damascus_96-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Spies_Inside_Damascus_96-3">d</a> Ronen Bergman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/09/19/the_spies_inside_damascus_mossad_syria">The Spies Inside Damascus</a> <a href="Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a>, September 19, 2013

</li>

<li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bangladesh-web.com/view.php?hidRecord=23020">Hamas member assassinated in Syria</a> News From Bangladesh, September 27, 2004

</li>

<li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604203606/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article7028736.ece">Assassinations: the work of Mossad?</a> Times, February 16, 2010

</li>

<li id="cite_note-SundayTimes-99"><a href="#cite_ref-SundayTimes_99-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMahnaimiJaber,_HalaSwain,_Jon2008" class="citation news cs1">Mahnaimi, Uzi; Jaber, Hala; Swain, Jon (February 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080318134225/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article3382343.ece">"Israel kills terror chief with headrest bomb"</a>. The Sunday Times. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article3382343.ece">the original</a> on March 18, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2008.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Telegraph-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_100-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFOsborn2010" class="citation web cs1">Osborn, Andrew (August 31, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/7973346/Top-Russian-spys-body-washes-up-after-swimming-accident.html">"Top Russian spy's body washes up 'after swimming accident'"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240922211654/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/7973346/Top-Russian-spys-body-washes-up-after-swimming-accident.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/israel-prepares-plans-to-neutralize-syrian-chemical-weapons-a-847203.html">Israel's Red Line: Fate of Syrian Chemical Weapons May Trigger War</a>Der Spiegel, By Ronen Bergman, Juliane von Mittelstaedt, Matthias Schepp and Holger Stark, July 31, 2012

</li>

<li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/06/world/middleeast/syrian-rocket-scientist-mossad-assassination.html">"A Top Syrian Scientist Is Killed, and Fingers Point at Israel"</a>. The New York Times. August 6, 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/02/16/mahmoud-al-mabhouh-murder_n_463667.html">Dubai Releases Video Of Alleged Assassins In Hamas Chief Killing</a> <a href="Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a> February 16, 2010, attributed to Associated Press

</li>

<li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=168786">UAE: European team killed Mabhouh</a> Jerusalem Post and Associated Press, February 15, 2010

</li>

<li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKatz2010" class="citation news cs1">Katz, Yaakov (January 31, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=167344">"Analysis: Another blow to the 'axis of evil'"</a>. <a href="The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. Retrieved January 31, 2010.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Haaretz20100202-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz20100202_106-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFIssacharoff2010" class="citation news cs1">Issacharoff, Avi (February 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1146911.html">"Who killed Mahmoud al-Mabhouh? / Many wanted Hamas man dead"</a>. <a href="Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Retrieved February 2, 2010.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Melman, Yossi (February 11, 2010). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1149042.html">10 agents including 3 women, took part in Dubai Hamas assassination</a>" Haaretz. Retrieved February 11, 2010.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0218/dubai.html">"Dubai suspects had five fake Irish passports"</a>. <a href="RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a>. February 18, 2010. Retrieved February 21, 2010.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/man-in-photo-on-hamas-leader-hit-squad-passport-not-my-son-says-mum/story-fn3dxity-1225834378569">"Man in photo on Hamas leader hit squad passport not my son, says mum"</a>. <a href="The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>. February 25, 2010. Retrieved February 25, 2010.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1152610.html">U.K. police in Israel to probe passports used in Dubai hit</a>' (Haaretz, February 27, 2010

</li>

<li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1150754.html">Interpol adds suspected Dubai assassins to most wanted list</a>' Haaretz February 22, 2010)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/israeli-pms-arrest-sought-over-murder/story-e6frfku0-1225836329886">Israeli PM's arrest sought over murder</a> News, March 3, 2010

</li>

<li id="cite_note-RAW-MOSSAD-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RAW-MOSSAD_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAW-MOSSAD_113-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/sep/08spec.htm">RAW and MOSSAD, the Secret Link</a>,rediff.com

</li>

<li id="cite_note-indiatoday.intoday.in-114"><a href="#cite_ref-indiatoday.intoday.in_114-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/disproportionate-case-mossad-r-k--yadav-anand-kumar-verma/1/258012.html">"An ex-RAW employee takes boss to unveil a riveting story of safe houses for Mossad, fake firms and secret funds"</a>. India Today. March 15, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRajshekhar_Jha2015" class="citation web cs1">Rajshekhar Jha (November 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mossad-MI5-roped-in-to-shield-Prime-Minister-Narendra-Modi-in-Turkey/articleshow/49786782.cms">"Mossad, MI5 roped in to shield Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Turkey?"</a>. The Times of India. Retrieved November 13, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/mossad-may-be-protecting-modi-at-turkey-g-20-summit-paper-claims/">"Mossad may be protecting Modi at Turkey G20 summit, paper claims"</a>. The Times of Israel. November 15, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110000602/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43854982">"Fadi al-Batsh killing: Israel dismisses involvement"</a>. <a href="BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. April 22, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43854982">the original</a> on January 10, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202045857/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-palestinian-israel/israel-dismisses-suggestions-it-killed-palestinian-in-malaysia-idUSKBN1HT06G">"Israel dismisses suggestions it killed Palestinian in Malaysia"</a>. <a href="Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. April 22, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-palestinian-israel/israel-dismisses-suggestions-it-killed-palestinian-in-malaysia-idUSKBN1HT06G">the original</a> on February 2, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/palestinian-engineer-killed-mossad-malaysia-says-family">"Palestinian engineer 'killed by Mossad' in Malaysia, says family"</a>. <a href="Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. April 21, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018083551/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/palestinian-engineer-killed-mossad-malaysia-says-family">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/crime-courts/2022/10/841460/mossad-used-locals-kidnap-palestinian">"Mossad used locals to kidnap Palestinian"</a>. <a href="New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a>. October 18, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020041257/https://www.nst.com.my/news/crime-courts/2022/10/841460/mossad-used-locals-kidnap-palestinian">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/18/malaysia-media-says-israels-mossad-behind-kidnapped-palestinian">"Malaysian media says Israel's Mossad behind kidnapped Palestinian"</a>. <a href="Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. October 18, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019195933/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/18/malaysia-media-says-israels-mossad-behind-kidnapped-palestinian">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/malaysian-forces-free-gazan-after-alleged-mossad-abduction-in-kuala-lumpur-report/">"Malaysian forces free Gazan after alleged Mossad abduction in Kuala Lumpur – report"</a>. <a href="The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. October 18, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019183704/https://www.timesofisrael.com/malaysian-forces-free-gazan-after-alleged-mossad-abduction-in-kuala-lumpur-report/">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-thomas-123"><a href="#cite_ref-thomas_123-0">^</a> Thomas, Gordon: Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad (Fifth Edition)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/sep/08spec.htm">"RAW & Mossad: The Secret Link"</a>. rediff.com. September 8, 2003.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <cite id="hoole" class="citation book cs1">Hoole, Rajan (October 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/enter-mossad-and-ravi-jayewardene/">Sri Lanka: The Arrogance of Power: Myths, Decadence & Murder</a>. UTHR-J. Retrieved May 17, 2021.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Goldman, Jan: Ethics of Spying: A Reader for the Intelligence Professional, Volume 2 p. 63-64

</li>

<li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBoyes2005" class="citation news cs1">Boyes, Roger (June 2, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article528859.ece">"Mossad spied on farright Austrian"</a>. The Times. London.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/national_security/clips/3361/">"Murdered by the Mossad?"</a> (asf). <a href="Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. February 12, 1991. Retrieved August 30, 2009.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFrum,_Barbara1990" class="citation news cs1">Frum, Barbara (April 5, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/national_security/clips/3359/">"Who killed Gerald Bull? (Video) – CBC"</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved July 15, 2009.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-74-626/people/gerald_bull/">Dr. Gerald Bull: Scientist, Weapons Maker, Dreamer</a> at CBC.ca

</li>

<li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Traynor, Ian. Cover story: Those who are called, <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> 10 December 1994

</li>

<li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi (1987) The Israeli connection, I.B.Tauris, p. 46.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0611FF385C0C738DDDAF0894D9484D81&n=Top%2fNews%2fWorld%2fCountries%20and%20Territories%2fIraq">FRANCE PROTESTS TO ISRAEL ON RAID</a>", The New York Times, June 10, 1981. Retrieved November 16, 2006.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Friedman, From Beirut to Jerusalem (HarperCollins Publishers, 1998, 2nd ed.), p. 118

</li>

<li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Ford, Peter S., Major, USAF, "Israel's Attack on Osiraq: A Model for Future Preventive Strikes?", INSS Occasional Paper 59, USAF Institute for National Security Studies, USAF Academy, Colorado, July 2005, p. 15

</li>

<li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Striking Back: The 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and Israel's Deadly Response, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8129-7463-8</bdi>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-bs-137"><a href="#cite_ref-bs_137-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intellit.muskingum.edu/israel_folder/israelplumbat.html">ISRAEL The Plumbat Operation (1968)</a> retrieved 10/12/2008

</li>

<li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHenley2001" class="citation news cs1">Henley, Jon (March 3, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/nazis/article/0,2763,445717,00.html">"French court strikes blow against fugitive Nazi"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved October 27, 2006.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFisk2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Robert_Fisk" title="Robert Fisk">Fisk, Robert</a> (August 7, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-butcher-of-buchenwald-in-an-egyptian-paradise-2045930.html">"Butcher of Buchenwald in an Egyptian paradise"</a>. <a href="The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-butcher-of-buchenwald-in-an-egyptian-paradise-2045930.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBergman2019" class="citation book cs1">Bergman, Ronen (July 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YeycDwAAQBAJ&dq=hans+eisele+mossad+1963&pg=PA648">Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations</a>. Random House Publishing Group. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8129-8211-4</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-smh8may-141"><a href="#cite_ref-smh8may_141-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Israel-used-chocs-to-poison-Palestinian/2006/05/08/1146940441701.html">"Israel used chocs to poison Palestinian"</a>. SMH. May 8, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Ross, Michael, The Volunteer, pp. 158–159

</li>

<li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBlack2010" class="citation news cs1">Black, Ian (June 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/15/ireland-israeli-envoy-quit-embassy">"Ireland orders Israeli diplomat out of embassy over forged passports"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved May 10, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/mossad-and-the-irish-connection-26823193.html">"Mossad and the Irish connection"</a>. Irish Independent. December 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820222128/http://www.thestar.ie/star/secret-army-squad-keeps-watch-on-60-al-qaeda-in-ireland-26336/">"Secret army squad keeps watch on 60 Al Qaeda in Ireland"</a>. Irish Daily Star. March 26, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.ie/star/secret-army-squad-keeps-watch-on-60-al-qaeda-in-ireland-26336/">the original</a> on August 20, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFO'Hanlon2011" class="citation news cs1">O'Hanlon, Ray (February 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irishecho.com/2011/02/inside-file-the-mossads-long-arm-2/">"Inside File The Mossad's long arm"</a>. Irish Echo. Retrieved May 19, 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJohnson2009" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Ken (February 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/13/arts/design/13jaci.html">"Material for a Palestinian's Life and Death"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved December 4, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020415090611/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/11/20/60II/main318655.shtml">""An Eye for an Eye", Bob Simon"</a>. CBS News. November 20, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/11/20/60II/main318655.shtml">the original</a> on April 15, 2002. Retrieved December 4, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-haaretz.com-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz.com_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz.com_149-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221125605/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=%20417663&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y">"Capturing nuclear whistle-blower"</a>. <a href="Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=%20417663&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y">the original</a> on February 21, 2009.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050410041600/http://www.military.com/Resources/ResourceFileView?file=PIJ-Organization.htm">"Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)"</a>. Military.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.military.com/Resources/ResourceFileView?file=PIJ-Organization.htm">the original</a> on April 10, 2005. Retrieved November 23, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B02E6DA1639F93BA15752C0A960958260">"Israelis to Compensate Family of Slain Waiter"</a>. The New York Times. January 28, 1996. Retrieved December 4, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080307034644/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,903989,00.html?internalid=ACA">"TERRORISM: Fatal Error"</a>. Time. August 6, 1973. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,903989,00.html?internalid=ACA">the original</a> on March 7, 2008.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> How are Bosnia's Serbs getting Israeli arms?, By Tom Sawicki, The Jerusalem Report, January 1995

</li>

<li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Intelligence and the War in Bosnia, 1992–1995 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 2003), 215.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/22/warcrimes.comment">America used Islamists to arm the Bosnian Muslims</a> Richard J Aldrich, Monday 22 April 2002, The Guardian

</li>

<li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFProbert2000" class="citation web cs1">Probert, Roy (July 7, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/mossad-agent-gets-12-month-suspended-sentence/1558166">"Mossad agent gets 12-month suspended sentence"</a>. <a href="Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">Swissinfo</a>. Retrieved July 1, 2022.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-thatcherdiditfirst-157"><a href="#cite_ref-thatcherdiditfirst_157-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFWeber1995" class="citation news cs1">Weber, Yonatan (June 20, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3867006,00.html">"Expelling Israeli diplomats: Thatcher did it first – Israel News, Ynetnews"</a>. Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com. Retrieved November 19, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a href="Middle_East_International" title="Middle East International">Middle East International</a> No 328, 24 June 1988, Publishers <a href="Christopher_Mayhew" title="Christopher Mayhew">Lord Mayhew</a>, <a href="Dennis_Walters" title="Dennis Walters">Dennis Walters MP</a>; George Joffe p.5

</li>

<li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wlcentral.org/node/1442">"UN confirms Mossad kidnaps Gaza's chief power plant engineer, Dirar Abu Seesi, from Ukraine, suspects Ukrainian help"</a>. WikiLeaks Central. March 10, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-NZ_Herald_10332767-160"><a href="#cite_ref-NZ_Herald_10332767_160-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/index.cfm?c_id=1&ObjectID=10332767">"Israeli government apologises to New Zealand"</a>. <a href="The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. <a href="NZPA" class="mw-redirect" title="NZPA">NZPA</a>. June 26, 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-NZ_Herald_3596863-161"><a href="#cite_ref-NZ_Herald_3596863_161-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHallel,_Amir2004" class="citation news cs1">Hallel, Amir (October 2, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/israeli-spy-case/news/article.cfm?c_id=606&objectid=3596863">"At home with the Mossad men"</a>. <a href="The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. Retrieved October 26, 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-guardian280524-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian280524_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian280524_162-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian280524_162-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFDavies2024" class="citation web cs1">Davies, Harry (May 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/28/israeli-spy-chief-icc-prosecutor-war-crimes-inquiry">"Revealed: Israeli spy chief 'threatened' ICC prosecutor over war crimes inquiry"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved May 30, 2024.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em">

<ul><li>Bar-Zohar, Michael and Mishal, Nissim. Mossad: The Great Operations of Israel's Secret Service. The Robson Press, 2012. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-84954-368-2</bdi>.</li>

<li><a href="Ari_Ben-Menashe" title="Ari Ben-Menashe">Ben-Menashe, Ari</a>. Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network. New York: Sheridan Square Press, 1992. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-879823-01-2</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26586922">26586922</a>.</li>

<li>Black, Ian and Benny Morris. <a href="Israel's_Secret_Wars%3A_A_History_of_Israel's_Intelligence_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services">Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services</a>. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8021-3286-4</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/249707944">249707944</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Israel: Foreign Intelligence and Security Services: A Survey. Washington, D.C., 1979. (Included in Documents from the US Espionage Den. Tehran: Center for the Publication of the US Espionage Den's Documents, 1982.)</li>

<li>Jonas, George. <a href="Vengeance_(Jonas_book)" title="Vengeance (Jonas book)">Vengeance</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-671-50611-0</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10507421">10507421</a>.</li>

<li>Lapid, Ephraim and Amos Gilboa, Israel's Silent Defender: An Inside Look at Sixty Years of Israeli Intelligence (2012)</li>

<li>Libel, Tamir. "Looking for meaning: lessons from Mossad's failed adaptation to the post-Cold War era, 1991–2013." Journal of Intelligence History 14.2 (2015): 83–95. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16161262.2015.1033238">abstract</a></li>

<li><a href="Dan_Raviv" title="Dan Raviv">Raviv, Dan</a> and <a href="Yossi_Melman" title="Yossi Melman">Melman, Yossi</a>. Spies Against Armageddon: Inside Israel's Secret Wars. Sea Cliff: Levant Books, 2012. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0985437831</bdi>.</li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mossad.gov.il">Official website</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mossad.gov.il">Official website</a> (in Hebrew)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mossad.gov.il/Arabic/AboutTheMossad.aspx">Official website</a> (in Arabic)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mossad.gov.il/contact-us/en">Mossad website for English speakers</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/theMossadOfficial">Mossad</a> on <a href="Facebook_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook (identifier)">Facebook</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/themossad_official/">Mossad</a> on <a href="Instagram_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instagram (identifier)">Instagram</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://t.me/TheMossadOfficial">Mossad</a> on <a href="Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.Libertad.gov.il">Libertad website</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel_Israeli_Intelligence_Community264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel_Israeli_Intelligence_Community264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Israel" title="Israel"></a> <a href="Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Israeli Intelligence Community</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Military Intelligence Directorate (Aman)</a></li>

<li><a href="Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Security Agency (Shin Bet)</a></li>

<li><a href="Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police Intelligence Branch</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Defense Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_Intelligence_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Intelligence Directorate">Air Intelligence Directorate</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_Intelligence_Division_(Israel)" title="Naval Intelligence Division (Israel)">Naval Intelligence Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_Corps_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Corps (Israel)">General Staff Intelligence Corps</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_Intelligence_Collection_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Intelligence Collection Corps">Combat Intelligence Collection Corps</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_Security_Department" title="Information Security Department">Information Security Department</a></li>

<li><a href="Research_Department_(Aman)" title="Research Department (Aman)">Research Department</a></li>

<li><a href="Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">General Staff Reconnaissance Unit (Unit 269/Sayeret Matkal)</a></li>

<li><a href="Director_of_Security_of_the_Defense_Establishment" title="Director of Security of the Defense Establishment">Ministry of Defense Security Authority</a></li>

<li><a href="Israeli_Special_Forces_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Special Forces Units">Israeli Special Forces Units</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coordination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="National_Security_Council_(Israel)" title="National Security Council (Israel)">National Security Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Prime_Minister's_Office_(Israel)" title="Prime Minister's Office (Israel)">Prime Minister's Office</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Ministry of Defense</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Security (Israel)">Ministry of Public Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_Affairs_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Affairs Minister of Israel">Ministry of Strategic Affairs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oversight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Foreign_Affairs_and_Defense_Committee" title="Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee">Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee of the Knesset</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Justice_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Justice (Israel)">Ministry of Justice</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Court of Appeals">Military Court of Appeals</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nativ_(Liaison_Bureau)" title="Nativ (Liaison Bureau)">Liaison Bureau (Nativ)</a></li>

<li><a href="Lekem" title="Lekem">Scientific Relations Bureau (Lekem)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Intelligence_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Intelligence Services">Ministry of Intelligence Services</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_intelligence_agencies748" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="National_intelligence_agencies748" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">intelligence agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Afghanistan: <a href="General_Directorate_of_Intelligence" title="General Directorate of Intelligence">GDI</a></li>

<li>Albania: <a href="SHISH" title="SHISH">SHISH</a></li>

<li>Algeria: <a href="D%C3%A9partement_du_Renseignement_et_de_la_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité">DRS</a></li>

<li>Angola: SIE</li>

<li>Argentina: <a href="Secretariat_of_Intelligence" title="Secretariat of Intelligence">SIDE</a></li>

<li>Armenia: <a href="National_Security_Service_(Armenia)" title="National Security Service (Armenia)">NSS</a></li>

<li>Austria: <a href="Heeresnachrichtenamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Heeresnachrichtenamt">HNaA</a></li>

<li>Australia: <a href="Australian_Secret_Intelligence_Service" title="Australian Secret Intelligence Service">ASIS</a></li>

<li>Azerbaijan: <a href="Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Azerbaijan)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Azerbaijan)">XKX</a></li>

<li>Bahrain: <a href="National_Security_Agency_(Bahrain)" title="National Security Agency (Bahrain)">NSA</a></li>

<li>Bangladesh: <a href="National_Security_Intelligence" title="National Security Intelligence">NSI</a></li>

<li>Belarus: <a href="State_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus">KGB RB</a></li>

<li>Belgium: <a href="Belgian_General_Information_and_Security_Service" title="Belgian General Information and Security Service">ADIV/SGRS</a></li>

<li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="Intelligence-Security_Agency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Intelligence-Security Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">OSA-OBA</a></li>

<li>Botswana: <a href="Directorate_of_Intelligence_and_Security" title="Directorate of Intelligence and Security">DIS</a></li>

<li>Brazil: <a href="Brazilian_Intelligence_Agency" title="Brazilian Intelligence Agency">ABIN</a></li>

<li>Brunei: BRD</li>

<li>Bulgaria: <a href="State_Intelligence_Agency_(Bulgaria)" title="State Intelligence Agency (Bulgaria)">DAR</a></li>

<li>Cameroon: <a href="Brigade_Mixte_Mobile" title="Brigade Mixte Mobile">BMM</a></li>

<li>Canada: <a href="Canadian_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="Canadian Security Intelligence Service">CSIS</a></li>

<li>Chile: <a href="Agencia_Nacional_de_Inteligencia" title="Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia">ANI</a></li>

<li>China: <a href="Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">MSS</a></li>

<li>Congo (Democratic Republic of): <a href="National_Intelligence_Agency_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Agency (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">ANR</a></li>

<li>Croatia: <a href="Security_and_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Security and Intelligence Agency">SOA</a></li>

<li>Czech Republic: <a href="Office_for_Foreign_Relations_and_Information" title="Office for Foreign Relations and Information">ÚZSI</a></li>

<li>Denmark: <a href="Danish_Defence_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Defence Intelligence Service">FE</a></li>

<li>Djibouti: BSRG</li>

<li>Ecuador: <a href="National_Intelligence_Secretariat_(Ecuador)" title="National Intelligence Secretariat (Ecuador)">SENAIN</a></li>

<li>Egypt: <a href="General_Intelligence_Service_(Egypt)" title="General Intelligence Service (Egypt)">Mukhabarat</a></li>

<li>Estonia: <a href="Estonian_Foreign_Intelligence_Service" title="Estonian Foreign Intelligence Service">EFIS</a></li>

<li>Ethiopia: <a href="National_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="National Intelligence and Security Service">NISS</a></li>

<li>Finland: Supo</li>

<li>France: <a href="Directorate-General_for_External_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a></li>

<li>Gambia: <a href="State_Intelligence_Services_(The_Gambia)" title="State Intelligence Services (The Gambia)">SIS</a></li>

<li>Georgia: <a href="Georgian_Intelligence_Service" title="Georgian Intelligence Service">GIS</a></li>

<li>Germany: <a href="Federal_Intelligence_Service" title="Federal Intelligence Service">BND</a></li>

<li>Ghana: <a href="Bureau_of_National_Investigations" title="Bureau of National Investigations">BNI</a>, <a href="Border_Guard_Unit" title="Border Guard Unit">BGU</a>, RDU</li>

<li>Greece: <a href="National_Intelligence_Service_(Greece)" title="National Intelligence Service (Greece)">EYP</a></li>

<li>Hungary: <a href="Inform%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_Hivatal" title="Információs Hivatal">IH</a></li>

<li>India: <a href="Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">RAW</a></li>

<li>Indonesia: <a href="Indonesian_State_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian State Intelligence Agency">BIN</a></li>

<li>Ireland: <a href="Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Ireland)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)">G2</a></li>

<li>Israel: </li>

<li>Italy: <a href="Agenzia_Informazioni_e_Sicurezza_Esterna" title="Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Esterna">AISE</a></li>

<li>Ivory Coast: NSC</li>

<li>Japan: <a href="Cabinet_Intelligence_and_Research_Office" title="Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office">CIRO</a></li>

<li>Jordan: <a href="General_Intelligence_Directorate_(Jordan)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan)">GID</a></li>

<li>Kazakhstan: <a href="Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Kazakhstan)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Kazakhstan)">Syrbar</a></li>

<li>Kenya: <a href="National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)" title="National Intelligence Service (Kenya)">NIS</a></li>

<li>Kyrgyzstan: <a href="Kyrgyz_National_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz National Security Service">UKMK</a></li>

<li>Kuwait: KSS</li>

<li>Latvia: SAB</li>

<li>Liberia: <a href="National_Security_Agency_(Liberia)" title="National Security Agency (Liberia)">NSA</a></li>

<li>Lithuania: <a href="State_Security_Department_of_Lithuania" title="State Security Department of Lithuania">VSD</a></li>

<li>Lebanon: <a href="General_Directorate_of_General_Security" title="General Directorate of General Security">GDGS</a></li>

<li>Libya: <a href="Mukhabarat_el-Jamahiriya" title="Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya">MJ</a></li>

<li>Malaysia: <a href="Research_Division_of_the_Prime_Minister's_Department" title="Research Division of the Prime Minister's Department">MEIO</a></li>

<li>Mexico: <a href="Centro_de_Investigaci%C3%B3n_y_Seguridad_Nacional_(M%C3%A9xico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro de Investigación y Seguridad Nacional (México)">CISEN</a></li>

<li>Moldova: <a href="Information_and_Security_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Information and Security Service of the Republic of Moldova">SIS</a></li>

<li>Mongolia: <a href="General_Intelligence_Agency_of_Mongolia" title="General Intelligence Agency of Mongolia">GIA</a></li>

<li>Montenegro: <a href="National_Security_Agency_(Montenegro)" title="National Security Agency (Montenegro)">ANB</a></li>

<li>Morocco: <a href="General_Directorate_of_Studies_and_Documentation" title="General Directorate of Studies and Documentation">DGED</a></li>

<li>Mozambique: SISE</li>

<li>Netherlands: <a href="General_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="General Intelligence and Security Service">AIVD</a></li>

<li>New Zealand: <a href="New_Zealand_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="New Zealand Security Intelligence Service">NZSIS</a></li>

<li>Nigeria: <a href="National_Intelligence_Agency_(Nigeria)" title="National Intelligence Agency (Nigeria)">NIA</a></li>

<li>North Korea: <a href="Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">RGB</a></li>

<li>North Macedonia: ANB</li>

<li>Norway: <a href="Norwegian_Intelligence_Service" title="Norwegian Intelligence Service">E-tjenesten</a></li>

<li>Oman: <a href="Palace_Office_(Oman)" title="Palace Office (Oman)">Palace Office</a></li>

<li>Pakistan: <a href="Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">ISI</a></li>

<li>Palestine: <a href="General_Intelligence_Service_(Palestine)" title="General Intelligence Service (Palestine)">GIS</a></li>

<li>Papua New Guinea: <a href="National_Intelligence_Organization_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="National Intelligence Organization (Papua New Guinea)">NIO</a></li>

<li>Philippines: <a href="National_Intelligence_Coordinating_Agency" title="National Intelligence Coordinating Agency">NICA</a></li>

<li>Poland: <a href="Agencja_Wywiadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Wywiadu">AW</a></li>

<li>Portugal: <a href="Servi%C3%A7o_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Estrat%C3%A9gicas_de_Defesa" title="Serviço de Informações Estratégicas de Defesa">SIED</a></li>

<li>Qatar: <a href="Qatar_State_Security" title="Qatar State Security">QSS</a></li>

<li>Romania: <a href="Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Romania)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Romania)">SIE</a></li>

<li>Russia: <a href="Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">SVR</a></li>

<li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="General_Intelligence_Presidency" title="General Intelligence Presidency">GIP</a></li>

<li>Serbia: <a href="Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Security Intelligence Agency">BIA</a></li>

<li>Sierra Leone: CISU</li>

<li>Singapore: <a href="Security_and_Intelligence_Division" title="Security and Intelligence Division">SID</a></li>

<li>Slovakia: <a href="Slovensk%C3%A1_informa%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_slu%C5%BEba" title="Slovenská informačná služba">SIS</a></li>

<li>Slovenia: <a href="Slovenian_Intelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="Slovenian Intelligence and Security Agency">SOVA</a></li>

<li>Somalia: <a href="National_Intelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="National Intelligence and Security Agency">NISA</a></li>

<li>South Africa: <a href="State_Security_Agency_(South_Africa)" title="State Security Agency (South Africa)">SSA</a></li>

<li>South Korea: <a href="National_Intelligence_Service_(South_Korea)" title="National Intelligence Service (South Korea)">NIS</a></li>

<li>Spain: <a href="National_Intelligence_Centre_(Spain)" title="National Intelligence Centre (Spain)">CNI</a></li>

<li>Sri Lanka: <a href="State_Intelligence_Service_(Sri_Lanka)" title="State Intelligence Service (Sri Lanka)">SIS</a></li>

<li>Sudan: <a href="General_Intelligence_Service_(Sudan)" title="General Intelligence Service (Sudan)">GIS</a></li>

<li>Sweden: <a href="Kontoret_f%C3%B6r_s%C3%A4rskild_inh%C3%A4mtning" title="Kontoret för särskild inhämtning">KSI</a></li>

<li>Switzerland: <a href="Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">NDB</a></li>

<li>Syria: <a href="General_Intelligence_Service_(Syria)" title="General Intelligence Service (Syria)">GIS</a></li>

<li>Taiwan: <a href="National_Security_Bureau_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Bureau (Republic of China)">NSB</a></li>

<li>Tajikistan: <a href="State_Committee_for_National_Security_(Tajikistan)" title="State Committee for National Security (Tajikistan)">GKNB</a></li>

<li>Tanzania: <a href="Tanzania_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="Tanzania Intelligence and Security Service">TISS</a></li>

<li>Thailand: <a href="National_Intelligence_Agency_(Thailand)" title="National Intelligence Agency (Thailand)">NIA</a></li>

<li>Tunisia: TIA</li>

<li>Turkey: <a href="National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">MİT</a></li>

<li>Turkmenistan: <a href="Ministry_for_National_Security_(Turkmenistan)" title="Ministry for National Security (Turkmenistan)">MNS</a></li>

<li>Uganda: <a href="External_Security_Organisation" title="External Security Organisation">ESO</a></li>

<li>Ukraine: <a href="Foreign_Intelligence_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine">SZRU</a></li>

<li>United Arab Emirates: <a href="Signals_Intelligence_Agency" title="Signals Intelligence Agency">SIA</a></li>

<li>United Kingdom: <a href="MI6" title="MI6">SIS (MI6)</a></li>

<li>United States: <a href="Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li>

<li>Uzbekistan: <a href="National_Security_Service_(Uzbekistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Service (Uzbekistan)">SSS</a></li>

<li>Vietnam: <a href="General_Department_of_Defence_Intelligence" title="General Department of Defence Intelligence">TC2</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Afghanistan: <a href="General_Directorate_of_Intelligence" title="General Directorate of Intelligence">GDI</a></li>

<li>Algeria: <a href="D%C3%A9partement_du_Renseignement_et_de_la_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité">CSS</a></li>

<li>Angola: SINSE</li>

<li>Argentina: <a href="Secretariat_of_Intelligence" title="Secretariat of Intelligence">SIDE</a></li>

<li>Armenia: <a href="National_Security_Service_(Armenia)" title="National Security Service (Armenia)">NSS</a></li>

<li>Australia: <a href="Australian_Security_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Australian Security Intelligence Organisation">ASIO</a></li>

<li>Austria: <a href="State_Security_and_Intelligence_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security and Intelligence Directorate">DSN</a></li>

<li>Azerbaijan: <a href="State_Security_Service_(Azerbaijan)" title="State Security Service (Azerbaijan)">DTX</a></li>

<li>Bangladesh: <a href="Special_Branch_(Bangladesh)" title="Special Branch (Bangladesh)">SB</a></li>

<li>Belarus: <a href="State_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus">KGB RB</a></li>

<li>Belgium: <a href="State_Security_Service_(Belgium)" title="State Security Service (Belgium)">VS/SE</a></li>

<li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="State_Investigation_and_Protection_Agency" title="State Investigation and Protection Agency">SIPA</a></li>

<li>Botswana: <a href="Directorate_of_Intelligence_and_Security" title="Directorate of Intelligence and Security">DIS</a></li>

<li>Brazil: <a href="Federal_Police_of_Brazil" title="Federal Police of Brazil">PF</a></li>

<li>Brunei: <a href="Internal_Security_Department_(Brunei)" title="Internal Security Department (Brunei)">IRD</a></li>

<li>Bulgaria: <a href="State_Agency_for_National_Security" title="State Agency for National Security">DANS</a></li>

<li>Burundi: <a href="National_Intelligence_Service_(Burundi)" title="National Intelligence Service (Burundi)">SNR</a></li>

<li>Canada: <a href="Canadian_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="Canadian Security Intelligence Service">CSIS</a></li>

<li>Chad: <a href="General_Directorate_of_the_Security_Services_of_State_Institutions" title="General Directorate of the Security Services of State Institutions">DGSSIE</a></li>

<li>Chile: <a href="Agencia_Nacional_de_Inteligencia" title="Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia">ANI</a></li>

<li>China: <a href="Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">MSS</a></li>

<li>Colombia: <a href="National_Intelligence_Directorate_(Colombia)" title="National Intelligence Directorate (Colombia)">DNI</a></li>

<li>Croatia: <a href="Security_and_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Security and Intelligence Agency">SOA</a></li>

<li>Czech Republic: <a href="Security_Information_Service" title="Security Information Service">BIS</a></li>

<li>Denmark: <a href="Danish_Security_and_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Security and Intelligence Service">PET</a></li>

<li>Egypt: <a href="National_Security_Agency_(Egypt)" title="National Security Agency (Egypt)">NSA</a></li>

<li>Estonia: <a href="Estonian_Internal_Security_Service" title="Estonian Internal Security Service">KAPO</a></li>

<li>Finland: <a href="Finnish_Security_and_Intelligence_Service" title="Finnish Security and Intelligence Service">SUPO</a></li>

<li>France: <a href="General_Directorate_for_Internal_Security" title="General Directorate for Internal Security">DGSI</a></li>

<li>Georgia: <a href="State_Security_Service_of_Georgia" title="State Security Service of Georgia">SSSG</a></li>

<li>Germany: <a href="Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution">BfV</a>, <a href="State_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution" title="State Office for the Protection of the Constitution">LfV</a></li>

<li>Ghana: <a href="Ghana_Police_Service" title="Ghana Police Service">GPS</a>, CID</li>

<li>Greece: <a href="National_Intelligence_Service_(Greece)" title="National Intelligence Service (Greece)">EYP</a></li>

<li>Hong Kong: <a href="National_Security_Department" title="National Security Department">NSD</a>, <a href="Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_CPG_in_the_HKSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR">CPGNSO</a></li>

<li>Hungary: <a href="Constitution_Protection_Office" title="Constitution Protection Office">AH</a></li>

<li>India: <a href="Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">IB</a></li>

<li>Indonesia: <a href="Indonesian_National_Police#Central_Executive_Agencies" title="Indonesian National Police">Baintelkam Polri</a> (<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Intelijen_dan_Keamanan_Kepolisian_Negara_Republik_Indonesia" class="extiw external" title="id:Badan Intelijen dan Keamanan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia">id</a>), <a href="Indonesian_State_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian State Intelligence Agency">BIN</a></li>

<li>Ireland: <a href="Garda_Crime_and_Security_Branch" title="Garda Crime and Security Branch">CSB</a>, <a href="Special_Detective_Unit" title="Special Detective Unit">SDU</a>, <a href="Garda_National_Surveillance_Unit" title="Garda National Surveillance Unit">NSU</a></li>

<li>Israel: <a href="Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a></li>

<li>Italy: <a href="Agenzia_Informazioni_e_Sicurezza_Interna" title="Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Interna">AISI</a></li>

<li>Japan: <a href="National_Police_Agency_Security_Bureau" title="National Police Agency Security Bureau">NPA</a>, <a href="Tokyo_Metropolitan_Police_Department_Public_Security_Bureau" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Public Security Bureau">TMPD PSB</a>, <a href="Public_Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Public Security Intelligence Agency">PSIA</a></li>

<li>Kazakhstan: <a href="National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">NSC</a></li>

<li>Kenya: <a href="National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)" title="National Intelligence Service (Kenya)">NIS</a></li>

<li>Kosovo: <a href="Kosovo_Intelligence_Agency" title="Kosovo Intelligence Agency">AKI</a></li>

<li>Latvia: <a href="State_Security_Service_(Latvia)" title="State Security Service (Latvia)">VDD</a></li>

<li>Lithuania: <a href="Special_Investigation_Service" title="Special Investigation Service">STT</a></li>

<li>Lebanon: <a href="Information_Branch" title="Information Branch">ISF IB</a>, <a href="Lebanese_State_Security" title="Lebanese State Security">LSS</a></li>

<li>Luxembourg: <a href="Service_de_Renseignement_de_l'%C3%89tat" title="Service de Renseignement de l'État">SREL</a></li>

<li>Macau: DS</li>

<li>Malaysia: <a href="Malaysian_Special_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Special Branch">SB</a></li>

<li>Moldova: <a href="Information_and_Security_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Information and Security Service of the Republic of Moldova">SIS</a></li>

<li>Morocco: <a href="General_Directorate_for_Territorial_Surveillance" title="General Directorate for Territorial Surveillance">DGST</a></li>

<li>Netherlands: <a href="National_Coordinator_for_Security_and_Counterterrorism" title="National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism">NCTV</a></li>

<li>New Zealand: <a href="New_Zealand_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="New Zealand Security Intelligence Service">NZSIS</a></li>

<li>Nigeria: <a href="State_Security_Service_(Nigeria)" title="State Security Service (Nigeria)">SSS</a></li>

<li>North Korea: <a href="Ministry_of_State_Security_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of State Security (North Korea)">SSD</a></li>

<li>North Macedonia: <a href="Intelligence_Agency_of_North_Macedonia" title="Intelligence Agency of North Macedonia">IA</a></li>

<li>Norway: <a href="Norwegian_Police_Security_Service" title="Norwegian Police Security Service">PST</a></li>

<li>Pakistan: <a href="Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan)" title="Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)">IB</a>, <a href="Federal_Investigation_Agency" title="Federal Investigation Agency">FIA</a></li>

<li>Palestine: <a href="Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">PPS</a></li>

<li>Paraguay: SNI</li>

<li>Philippines: <a href="National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">NBI</a>, <a href="National_Intelligence_Coordinating_Agency" title="National Intelligence Coordinating Agency">NICA</a></li>

<li>Poland: <a href="Agencja_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Wewn%C4%99trznego" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego">ABW</a>, <a href="S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Ochrony_Pa%C5%84stwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Służba Ochrony Państwa">SOP</a>, <a href="Stra%C5%BC_Marsza%C5%82kowska" class="mw-redirect" title="Straż Marszałkowska">SM</a></li>

<li>Portugal: <a href="Servi%C3%A7o_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Seguran%C3%A7a" title="Serviço de Informações de Segurança">SIS</a></li>

<li>Romania: <a href="Romanian_Intelligence_Service" title="Romanian Intelligence Service">SRI</a></li>

<li>Russia: <a href="Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">FSB</a></li>

<li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="Mabahith" title="Mabahith">Mabahith</a></li>

<li>Serbia: <a href="Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Security Intelligence Agency">BIA</a></li>

<li>Singapore: <a href="Internal_Security_Department_(Singapore)" title="Internal Security Department (Singapore)">ISD</a></li>

<li>Somalia: <a href="National_Intelligence_and_Security_Agency" title="National Intelligence and Security Agency">NISA</a></li>

<li>South Africa: <a href="Department_of_State_Security_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State Security (South Africa)">SSA</a></li>

<li>South Korea: Intelligence Bureau, <a href="National_Police_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="National Police Agency (South Korea)">KNPA</a></li>

<li>Spain: <a href="Intelligence_Center_for_Counter-Terrorism_and_Organized_Crime" title="Intelligence Center for Counter-Terrorism and Organized Crime">CITCO</a></li>

<li>Sri Lanka: <a href="State_Intelligence_Service_(Sri_Lanka)" title="State Intelligence Service (Sri Lanka)">SIS</a></li>

<li>Sweden: <a href="Swedish_Security_Service" title="Swedish Security Service">SÄPO</a></li>

<li>Switzerland: <a href="Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">NDB</a></li>

<li>Syria: <a href="General_Intelligence_Service_(Syria)" title="General Intelligence Service (Syria)">GIS</a></li>

<li>Taiwan: <a href="Ministry_of_Justice_Investigation_Bureau" title="Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau">MJIB</a></li>

<li>Thailand: <a href="Internal_Security_Operations_Command" title="Internal Security Operations Command">ISOC</a>, <a href="Special_Branch_Bureau" title="Special Branch Bureau">SB</a></li>

<li>Turkey: <a href="National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">MİT</a>, İB</li>

<li>Uganda: <a href="Internal_Security_Organisation" title="Internal Security Organisation">ISO</a></li>

<li>Ukraine: <a href="Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">SBU</a></li>

<li>United Kingdom: <a href="MI5" title="MI5">Security Service (MI5)</a>, <a href="National_Domestic_Extremism_and_Disorder_Intelligence_Unit" title="National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit">NDEDIU</a>, <a href="National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">NCA</a>, <a href="National_Ballistics_Intelligence_Service" title="National Ballistics Intelligence Service">NBIS</a></li>

<li>United States: <a href="DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis">I&A (DHS)</a>, <a href="United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement#Homeland_Security_Investigations_(HSI)" title="United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ID (HSI)</a>, <a href="FBI_Intelligence_Branch" title="FBI Intelligence Branch">IB (FBI)</a>, <a href="DEA_Office_of_National_Security_Intelligence" title="DEA Office of National Security Intelligence">ONSI (DEA)</a>, <a href="Bureau_of_Alcohol%2C_Tobacco%2C_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">OSII (ATF)</a></li>

<li>Uzbekistan: <a href="National_Security_Service_(Uzbekistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Service (Uzbekistan)">SNB</a></li>

<li>Venezuela: <a href="Bolivarian_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Intelligence Service">SEBIN</a></li>

<li>Vietnam: TC5 (<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_c%E1%BB%A5c_T%C3%ACnh_b%C3%A1o,_B%E1%BB%99_C%C3%B4ng_an_(Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam)" class="extiw external" title="vi:Tổng cục Tình báo, Bộ Công an (Việt Nam)">vi</a>)</li>

<li>Zimbabwe: <a href="Central_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Central Intelligence Organisation">CIO</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Military intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Algeria: DCSA</li>

<li>Angola: SIM</li>

<li>Australia: <a href="Defence_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Defence Intelligence Organisation">DIO</a></li>

<li>Austria: <a href="Heeresnachrichtenamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Heeresnachrichtenamt">HNaA</a></li>

<li>Bangladesh: <a href="Directorate_General_of_Forces_Intelligence" title="Directorate General of Forces Intelligence">DGFI</a></li>

<li>Belarus: GRU MO RB</li>

<li>Belgium: <a href="Belgian_General_Information_and_Security_Service" title="Belgian General Information and Security Service">ADIV/SGRS</a></li>

<li>Brazil: DIE</li>

<li>Canada: <a href="Canadian_Forces_Intelligence_Command" title="Canadian Forces Intelligence Command">CFINTCOM</a></li>

<li>Chad: <a href="General_Directorate_of_the_Security_Services_of_State_Institutions" title="General Directorate of the Security Services of State Institutions">DGSSIE</a></li>

<li>China: <a href="Intelligence_Bureau_of_the_Joint_Staff_Department" title="Intelligence Bureau of the Joint Staff Department">CMC JSD Intelligence Bureau</a></li>

<li>Congo (Democratic Republic of): <a href="DEMIAP" title="DEMIAP">DEMIAP</a></li>

<li>Croatia: <a href="Military_Security_and_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Security and Intelligence Agency">VSOA</a></li>

<li>Czech Republic: <a href="Military_Intelligence_(Czech_Republic)" title="Military Intelligence (Czech Republic)">VZ</a></li>

<li>Denmark: <a href="Danish_Defence_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Defence Intelligence Service">FE</a></li>

<li>Egypt: <a href="Military_Intelligence_and_Reconnaissance_(Egypt)" title="Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance (Egypt)">DMISR</a></li>

<li>Finland: <a href="Intelligence_Division_(Finland)" title="Intelligence Division (Finland)">PE TIEDOS</a></li>

<li>France: <a href="Direction_du_renseignement_militaire" title="Direction du renseignement militaire">DRM</a>, <a href="Directorate-General_for_External_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a></li>

<li>Germany: <a href="Military_Counterintelligence_Service_(Germany)" title="Military Counterintelligence Service (Germany)">MAD</a></li>

<li>Ghana: MIU</li>

<li>Hungary: KNBSZ</li>

<li>Iran: General Staff, <a href="Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of Islamic Republic of Iran Army">SAHEFAJA</a>, <a href="Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Protection Organization of Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution">SAHEFASA</a>, SAHEFAVEDJA</li>

<li>India: <a href="Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(India)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)">DMI</a>, <a href="Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">DIA</a></li>

<li>Indonesia: <a href="Indonesian_Strategic_Intelligence_Agency" title="Indonesian Strategic Intelligence Agency">BAIS TNI</a>, <a href="Indonesian_Army_Intelligence_Centre" title="Indonesian Army Intelligence Centre">Pusintelad</a></li>

<li>Ireland: <a href="Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Ireland)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Ireland)">G2</a></li>

<li>Israel: <a href="Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Aman</a></li>

<li>Italy: <a href="Centro_Intelligence_Interforze" title="Centro Intelligence Interforze">CII</a></li>

<li>Japan: <a href="Defense_Intelligence_Headquarters" title="Defense Intelligence Headquarters">DIH</a></li>

<li>Kazakhstan: <a href="National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">NSC</a></li>

<li>Lithuania: <a href="Second_Investigation_Department" title="Second Investigation Department">AOTD</a></li>

<li>Malaysia: <a href="Malaysian_Defence_Intelligence_Organisation" title="Malaysian Defence Intelligence Organisation">DIO</a></li>

<li>Maldives: <a href="Maldives_National_Defence_Force" title="Maldives National Defence Force">MNDF</a></li>

<li>Morocco: <a href="Deuxi%C3%A8me_Bureau_(Morocco)" title="Deuxième Bureau (Morocco)">DB</a></li>

<li>Myanmar: <a href="Military_intelligence_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intelligence of Myanmar">Sa Ya Pa</a></li>

<li>Netherlands: <a href="Dutch_Military_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service">MIVD</a></li>

<li>New Zealand: <a href="Directorate_of_Defence_Intelligence_and_Security" title="Directorate of Defence Intelligence and Security">DDIS</a></li>

<li>Nigeria: <a href="Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(Nigeria)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (Nigeria)">DIA</a></li>

<li>North Korea: <a href="Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">RGB</a></li>

<li>North Macedonia: <a href="Military_Service_for_Security_and_Intelligence" title="Military Service for Security and Intelligence">MSSI</a></li>

<li>Norway: <a href="Norwegian_Intelligence_Service" title="Norwegian Intelligence Service">E-tjenesten</a></li>

<li>Pakistan: <a href="Military_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Military Intelligence (Pakistan)">MI</a>, <a href="Naval_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)">NI</a>, <a href="Air_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Air Intelligence (Pakistan)">AI</a></li>

<li>Palestine: <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86)" class="extiw external" title="ar:الاستخبارات العسكرية (فلسطين)">MIS</a></li>

<li>Philippines: <a href="Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines#AFP-wide_service_support_and_separate_units" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">ISAFP</a></li>

<li>Poland: <a href="S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Kontrwywiadu_Wojskowego" class="mw-redirect" title="Służba Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego">SKW</a>, SWW</li>

<li>Portugal: <a href="CISMIL" class="mw-redirect" title="CISMIL">CISMIL</a></li>

<li>Romania: <a href="Direc%C5%A3ia_General%C4%83_de_Informa%C5%A3ii_a_Ap%C4%83r%C4%83rii" class="mw-redirect" title="Direcţia Generală de Informaţii a Apărării">DGIA</a></li>

<li>Russia: <a href="GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a></li>

<li>Saudi Arabia: AFISC</li>

<li>Serbia: <a href="Military_Security_Agency" title="Military Security Agency">VBA</a>, <a href="Military_Intelligence_Agency" title="Military Intelligence Agency">VOA</a></li>

<li>Singapore: <a href="Military_Intelligence_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Intelligence Organisation">MIO</a></li>

<li>Slovakia: <a href="Vojensk%C3%A9_spravodajstvo" title="Vojenské spravodajstvo">VS</a></li>

<li>Slovenia: <a href="Intelligence_and_Security_Service_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_(Slovenia)" title="Intelligence and Security Service of the Ministry of Defence (Slovenia)">OVS</a></li>

<li>South Africa: <a href="Defence_Intelligence_Division_(SANDF)" title="Defence Intelligence Division (SANDF)">SANDF-ID</a></li>

<li>South Korea: <a href="Defense_Intelligence_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="Defense Intelligence Agency (South Korea)">DIA</a>, <a href="Defense_Counterintelligence_Command" title="Defense Counterintelligence Command">DCC</a></li>

<li>Spain: <a href="Spanish_Armed_Forces_Intelligence_Center" title="Spanish Armed Forces Intelligence Center">CIFAS</a></li>

<li>Sri Lanka: <a href="Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (Sri Lanka)">DMI</a></li>

<li>Sweden: <a href="Swedish_Military_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Service">MUST</a></li>

<li>Switzerland: <a href="Milit%C3%A4rischer_Nachrichtendienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Militärischer Nachrichtendienst">MND</a>, <a href="Luftwaffennachrichtendienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Luftwaffennachrichtendienst">LWND</a></li>

<li>Syria: <a href="Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Syria)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)">MI</a>, <a href="Air_Force_Intelligence_Directorate" title="Air Force Intelligence Directorate">AFID</a></li>

<li>Taiwan: <a href="Military_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Military Intelligence Bureau">MIB</a></li>

<li>Thailand: AFSC</li>

<li>Turkey: <a href="Genelkurmay_%C4%B0stihbarat_Daire_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Genelkurmay İstihbarat Daire Başkanlığı">GENKUR İ.D.B.</a></li>

<li>Ukraine: <a href="Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)" title="Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)">HUR MO</a></li>

<li>United Kingdom: <a href="Defence_Intelligence" title="Defence Intelligence">DI</a></li>

<li>United States: <a href="Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">DIA</a>

<li><a href="United_States_Air_Force_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Force Intelligence">USAFI</a></li>

<li>Venezuela: <a href="Direcci%C3%B3n_General_de_Contrainteligencia_Militar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirección General de Contrainteligencia Militar">DGCIM</a></li>

<li>Vietnam: <a href="General_Department_of_Defence_Intelligence" title="General Department of Defence Intelligence">TC2</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">Signals intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Australia: <a href="Australian_Signals_Directorate" title="Australian Signals Directorate">ASD</a></li>

<li>Bangladesh: <a href="National_Telecommunication_Monitoring_Centre" title="National Telecommunication Monitoring Centre">NTMC</a></li>

<li>Brazil: <a href="Subchefia_de_Intelig%C3%AAncia_do_Estado-Maior_de_Defesa" title="Subchefia de Inteligência do Estado-Maior de Defesa">2ª Sch/EMD</a></li>

<li>Canada: <a href="Communications_Security_Establishment" title="Communications Security Establishment">CSE</a></li>

<li>China: <a href="Joint_Staff_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission">SIGINT</a></li>

<li>Croatia: <a href="Operational_Technology_Centre_for_the_Surveillance_of_Telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational Technology Centre for the Surveillance of Telecommunications">OTC</a></li>

<li>Ethiopia: <a href="Information_Network_Security_Agency" title="Information Network Security Agency">INSA</a></li>

<li>Finland: <a href="Finnish_Defence_Intelligence_Agency" title="Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency">PVTIEDL</a></li>

<li>France: <a href="Directorate-General_for_External_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for External Security">DGSE</a>, <a href="DRSD" title="DRSD">DRSD</a></li>

<li>Germany: <a href="Federal_Intelligence_Service" title="Federal Intelligence Service">BND</a></li>

<li>Ghana: RDU</li>

<li>India: <a href="Joint_Cipher_Bureau" title="Joint Cipher Bureau">JCB</a>, <a href="National_Technical_Research_Organisation" title="National Technical Research Organisation">NTRO</a></li>

<li>Indonesia: <a href="National_Cyber_And_Crypto_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cyber And Crypto Agency">BSSN</a> (<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Siber_dan_Sandi_Negara" class="extiw external" title="id:Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara">id</a>)</li>

<li>Ireland: <a href="Communications_and_Information_Services_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications and Information Services Corps">CIS</a></li>

<li>Israel: <a href="Unit_8200" title="Unit 8200">8200</a></li>

<li>Japan: <a href="Defense_Intelligence_Headquarters" title="Defense Intelligence Headquarters">DIH</a></li>

<li>Kazakhstan: <a href="National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">NSC</a></li>

<li>Netherlands: <a href="Nationale_SIGINT_Organisatie" title="Nationale SIGINT Organisatie">NSO</a>, <a href="Joint_Sigint_Cyber_Unit" title="Joint Sigint Cyber Unit">JSCU</a></li>

<li>New Zealand: <a href="Government_Communications_Security_Bureau" title="Government Communications Security Bureau">GCSB</a></li>

<li>North Korea: <a href="Reconnaissance_General_Bureau" title="Reconnaissance General Bureau">RGB</a></li>

<li>Norway: <a href="National_Security_Authority_(Norway)" title="National Security Authority (Norway)">NSM</a></li>

<li>Pakistan: <a href="Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">JSIB</a></li>

<li>Poland: <a href="Agencja_Wywiadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Wywiadu">AW</a>, <a href="Agencja_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Wewn%C4%99trznego" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego">ABW</a>, <a href="S%C5%82u%C5%BCba_Kontrwywiadu_Wojskowego" class="mw-redirect" title="Służba Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego">SKW</a>, SWW, NCBC, <a href="3rd_Ship_Flotilla#Sub-Units" title="3rd Ship Flotilla">gOR 3.FO</a>, CRiWWRE, 2.ORel, 6.ORel, JW NIL</li>

<li>Romania: <a href="Serviciul_de_Telecomunica%C8%9Bii_Speciale" title="Serviciul de Telecomunicații Speciale">STS</a></li>

<li>Russia: <a href="Special_Communications_Service_of_Russia" title="Special Communications Service of Russia">Spetssvyaz</a></li>

<li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="Presidency_of_State_Security" title="Presidency of State Security">PSS</a></li>

<li>South Africa: <a href="Department_of_State_Security_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State Security (South Africa)">SSA</a></li>

<li>Spain: <a href="National_Cryptologic_Center" title="National Cryptologic Center">CCN</a></li>

<li>Sweden: <a href="National_Defence_Radio_Establishment" title="National Defence Radio Establishment">FRA</a></li>

<li>Switzerland: <a href="Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">NDB</a></li>

<li>Syria: <a href="Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Syria)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)">MI</a></li>

<li>Turkey: <a href="Sinyal_%C4%B0stihbarat%C4%B1_Ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinyal İstihbaratı Başkanlığı">MİT-SİB</a></li>

<li>Ukraine: <a href="Derzhspetszviazok" class="mw-redirect" title="Derzhspetszviazok">Derzhspetszviazok</a></li>

<li>United Kingdom: <a href="Government_Communications_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Communications Headquarters">GCHQ</a></li>

<li>United States: <a href="National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Imagery_intelligence" title="Imagery intelligence">Imagery intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Australia: <a href="Australian_Geospatial-Intelligence_Organisation" title="Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation">AGO</a></li>

<li>Finland: <a href="Finnish_Defence_Intelligence_Agency" title="Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency">PVTIEDL</a></li>

<li>India: <a href="Directorate_of_Air_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Air Intelligence">DAI</a></li>

<li>Indonesia: <a href="Badan_Informasi_Geospasial" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Informasi Geospasial">BIG</a></li>

<li>Israel: <a href="Air_Intelligence_Group" title="Air Intelligence Group">Air Intelligence Group</a></li>

<li>Malaysia: MaCGDI</li>

<li>New Zealand: <a href="New_Zealand_intelligence_agencies#Other_organisations" title="New Zealand intelligence agencies">GEOINT NZ</a></li>

<li>Poland: <a href="Agencja_Wywiadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencja Wywiadu">AW</a>, SWW, ORO, <a href="12th_Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicles_Base" title="12th Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Base">12.BBSP</a>, JW NIL</li>

<li>Pakistan: <a href="Air_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Air Intelligence (Pakistan)">Air Intelligence</a></li>

<li>Philippines: <a href="National_Intelligence_Coordinating_Agency#NMARSC" title="National Intelligence Coordinating Agency">NMARSC</a></li>

<li>Portugal: <a href="Centro_de_Informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Geoespacial_do_Ex%C3%A9rcito" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro de Informação Geoespacial do Exército">CIGeoE</a></li>

<li>Russia: <a href="GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">TsVTI GRU</a></li>

<li>United Kingdom: <a href="Defence_Intelligence_Fusion_Centre" title="Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre">DGIFC</a></li>

<li>United States: <a href="National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">NGA</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Financial_intelligence" title="Financial intelligence">Financial intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Argentina: <a href="Unidad_de_Inteligencia_Financiera_(Argentina)" title="Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera (Argentina)">UIF</a></li>

<li>Australia: <a href="Australian_Transaction_Reports_and_Analysis_Centre" title="Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre">AUSTRAC</a></li>

<li>Azerbaijan: <a href="Financial_Monitoring_Service_(Azerbaijan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Monitoring Service (Azerbaijan)">MMX</a></li>

<li>Bangladesh: <a href="Bangladesh_Financial_Intelligence_Unit" title="Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit">FIU</a></li>

<li>Brazil: <a href="Council_for_Financial_Activities_Control" title="Council for Financial Activities Control">COAF</a></li>

<li>Canada: <a href="Financial_Transactions_and_Reports_Analysis_Centre_of_Canada" title="Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada">FINTRAC</a></li>

<li>China: MPSECIB</li>

<li>France: <a href="Tracfin" title="Tracfin">Tracfin</a>, <a href="Direction_Nationale_du_Renseignement_et_des_Enqu%C3%AAtes_Douani%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Direction Nationale du Renseignement et des Enquêtes Douanières">DNRED</a></li>

<li>Iceland: <a href="Skattranns%C3%B3knarstj%C3%B3ri_R%C3%ADkisins" class="mw-redirect" title="Skattrannsóknarstjóri Ríkisins">SR</a></li>

<li>India: <a href="Central_Economic_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Central Economic Intelligence Bureau">CEIB</a></li>

<li>Indonesia: <a href="Indonesian_Financial_Transaction_Reports_and_Analysis_Center" title="Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center">PPATK</a></li>

<li>Ireland: <a href="Garda_National_Economic_Crime_Bureau" title="Garda National Economic Crime Bureau">GNECB</a></li>

<li>Italy: UIF</li>

<li>Lithuania (<a href="Financial_Crime_Investigation_Service" title="Financial Crime Investigation Service">FNTT</a>)</li>

<li>Malta: <a href="Financial_Intelligence_Analysis_Unit" title="Financial Intelligence Analysis Unit">FIAU</a></li>

<li>Mexico: <a href="Unidad_de_Inteligencia_Financiera_(Mexico)" title="Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera (Mexico)">UIF</a></li>

<li>Netherlands: <a href="Fiscal_Information_and_Investigation_Service" title="Fiscal Information and Investigation Service">FIOD</a></li>

<li>Poland: GIIF, <a href="Tax_and_Customs_Service_(Poland)" title="Tax and Customs Service (Poland)">SCS</a>, <a href="Central_Anticorruption_Bureau" title="Central Anticorruption Bureau">CBA</a></li>

<li>Qatar: <a href="Qatar_Financial_Information_Unit" title="Qatar Financial Information Unit">FIU</a></li>

<li>Russia: <a href="Rosfinmonitoring" title="Rosfinmonitoring">Rosfinmonitoring</a></li>

<li>Saudi Arabia: GDOFI</li>

<li>Spain: <a href="Customs_Surveillance_Service" title="Customs Surveillance Service">SVA</a>, <a href="SEPBLAC" title="SEPBLAC">SEPBLAC</a></li>

<li>Turkey: <a href="Financial_Crimes_Investigation_Board_(Turkey)" title="Financial Crimes Investigation Board (Turkey)">MASAK</a></li>

<li>United Kingdom: <a href="National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">NCA</a></li>

<li>United States: <a href="IRS_Criminal_Investigation" title="IRS Criminal Investigation">IRS-CI</a>, <a href="Office_of_Terrorism_and_Financial_Intelligence" title="Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence">TFI</a>

<ul><li><a href="Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network" title="Financial Crimes Enforcement Network">FinCEN</a></li>

<li>Vatican: <a href="Supervisory_and_Financial_Information_Authority_(Vatican_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supervisory and Financial Information Authority (Vatican City)">ASIF</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Criminal_intelligence" title="Criminal intelligence">Criminal intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Argentina: <a href="Direcci%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Inteligencia_Criminal" title="Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Criminal">DNIC</a></li>

<li>Australia: <a href="Australian_Criminal_Intelligence_Commission" title="Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission">ACIC</a></li>

<li>Bangladesh: <a href="Criminal_Investigation_Department_(Bangladesh)" title="Criminal Investigation Department (Bangladesh)">CID</a></li>

<li>Canada: <a href="Criminal_Intelligence_Service_Canada" title="Criminal Intelligence Service Canada">CISC</a></li>

<li>Finland: <a href="National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Finland)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)">NBI</a></li>

<li>India: <a href="Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">CBI</a></li>

<li>Italy: <a href="Direzione_Investigativa_Antimafia" title="Direzione Investigativa Antimafia">DIA</a>, <a href="Divisione_Investigazioni_Generali_e_Operazioni_Speciali" title="Divisione Investigazioni Generali e Operazioni Speciali">DIGOS</a></li>

<li>Philippines: <a href="National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">NBI</a>, <a href="Philippine_National_Police#Operational_units" title="Philippine National Police">PNP-IG</a></li>

<li>Poland: <a href="National_Police_Headquarters_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police Headquarters (Poland)">BWiIK KGP</a>, <a href="Centralne_Biuro_%C5%9Aledcze_Policji" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralne Biuro Śledcze Policji">CBŚP</a>, <a href="Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">ZOŚ KGSG</a>, <a href="Military_Gendarmerie_(Poland)" title="Military Gendarmerie (Poland)">ZK KGŻW</a></li>

<li>Romania: <a href="Direc%C8%9Bia_General%C4%83_de_Protec%C8%9Bie_Intern%C4%83" title="Direcția Generală de Protecție Internă"> DGPI</a></li>

<li>South Africa: <a href="Crime_Intelligence_Division" title="Crime Intelligence Division">Crime Intelligence Division</a></li>

<li>Spain: <a href="General_Commissariat_of_Information" title="General Commissariat of Information">CGI</a>, <a href="Civil_Guard_Information_Service" title="Civil Guard Information Service">SIGC</a>, <a href="General_Commissariat_of_Judiciary_Police" title="General Commissariat of Judiciary Police">CGPJ</a>, <a href="Central_Operative_Unit" title="Central Operative Unit">UCO</a></li>

<li>United Kingdom: <a href="National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">NCA</a></li>

<li>United States: <a href="FBI_Intelligence_Branch" title="FBI Intelligence Branch">IB (FBI)</a>, <a href="DEA_Office_of_National_Security_Intelligence" title="DEA Office of National Security Intelligence">ONSI (DEA)</a>, <a href="Bureau_of_Alcohol%2C_Tobacco%2C_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">OSII (ATF)</a>, <a href="United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement#Homeland_Security_Investigations_(HSI)" title="United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ID (HSI)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intelligence community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Joint_Intelligence_Group" title="Joint Intelligence Group">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li>

<li><a href="Australian_Intelligence_Community" title="Australian Intelligence Community">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangladeshi_intelligence_community" title="Bangladeshi intelligence community">Bangladesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Croatian_security_and_intelligence_system" title="Croatian security and intelligence system">Croatia</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_intelligence_agencies_of_France" title="List of intelligence agencies of France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">India</a></li>

<li><a href="Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Israel</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Zealand_intelligence_agencies" title="New Zealand intelligence agencies">New Zealand</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia" title="Intelligence agencies of Russia">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="British_intelligence_agencies" title="British intelligence agencies">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intelligence alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Club_de_Berne" title="Club de Berne">Club de Berne</a></li>

<li><a href="Maximator_(intelligence_alliance)" title="Maximator (intelligence alliance)">Maximator</a></li>

<li><a href="Egmont_Group_of_Financial_Intelligence_Units" title="Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units">Egmont Group</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a>: <a href="OVRA" title="OVRA">OVRA</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Gaddafi Libya</a>: <a href="Mukhabarat_el-Jamahiriya" title="Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya">Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya</a></li>

<li><a href="Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a>: <a href="Special_Higher_Police" title="Special Higher Police">Tokko</a></li>

<li><a href="Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a>: <a href="Embroidered_Uniform_Guard" title="Embroidered Uniform Guard">Embroidered Uniform Guard</a>, <a href="Eastern_Depot" title="Eastern Depot">Eastern Depot</a>, Western Depot, Internal Depot</li>

<li><a href="Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>: <a href="Prussian_Secret_Police" title="Prussian Secret Police">Prussian Secret Police</a></li>

<li><a href="Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>: <a href="Bureau_of_Investigation_and_Statistics" title="Bureau of Investigation and Statistics">NBIS</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>: <a href="Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>, <a href="Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>: <a href="NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, <a href="KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <a href="Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (United Kingdom)">DMI</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a>: Jessfield 76</li>

<li><a href="Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: <a href="Counterintelligence_Service_(Yugoslavia)" title="Counterintelligence Service (Yugoslavia)">KOS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a> (<a href="List_of_intelligence_agencies" title="List of intelligence agencies">List of intelligence agencies</a>)</li>

<li><a href="News_leak" title="News leak">Leaks</a>

<ul><li><a href="United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">Diplomatic cable leaks</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_surveillance_disclosures_(2013%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)">NSA leaks</a></li>

<li><a href="Vault_7" title="Vault 7">CIA leaks</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Great_Firewall_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Firewall of China">Great Firewall of China</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mass_surveillance_in_China" title="Mass surveillance in China">Mass surveillance in China</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Security_agency" title="Security agency">Security agency</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">Surveillance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Big_Brother_(Nineteen_Eighty-Four)" title="Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">Big Brother</a></li>

<li><a href="Call_detail_record" title="Call detail record">Call detail record</a></li>

<li><a href="Carnivore_(software)" title="Carnivore (software)">Carnivore</a></li>

<li><a href="Dishfire" title="Dishfire">Dishfire</a></li>

<li><a href="ECHELON" title="ECHELON">ECHELON</a></li>

<li><a href="PRISM_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM</a></li>

<li><a href="Stone_Ghost" title="Stone Ghost">Stone Ghost</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbulence_(NSA)" title="Turbulence (NSA)">Turbulence (NSA programme)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="National_security" title="National security">National security</a></li>

<li><a href="Surveillance_issues_in_smart_cities" title="Surveillance issues in smart cities">Surveillance issues in smart cities</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>Border guard</li>

<li>Coast guard</li>

<li>Customs</li>

<li>Law enforcement agency

<ul><li>Types</li></ul></li>

<li>Intelligence agency</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34216#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1642" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34216#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1642" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010806690X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/144190379">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4040350-6">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr90018794">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150900659">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150900659">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49785640">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20020403025&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000146358&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007263283005171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/112786855">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/65c7ec7d-4302-47ec-9277-7d1c91dd82ac">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-24" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Mossad&oldid=1302197096">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>